Logical mathematics is as simple as cutting a piece of cake. If you are struggling with getting command over logical calculations, stop worrying. This article is enough to comprehend one of the most used binary maths techniques. This is the two’s complement that we are discussing. We will let you know how you can calculate it either manually or by using the advanced two’s complement calculator.
What Is Two’s Complement?
In logical mathematics
“The conversion of a positive binary number into a negative binary number that has the same equivalent value in a decimal, octal, or hexadecimal system is known as the two’s complement”
How To Convert a Binary Number To Two’s Complement?
Converting a binary number to its corresponding complement form is fast and accurate if you do it using the two’s complement calculator online. But as a mathematician, you must know how to carry on manual calculations. The process basically consists of a couple of steps which are
To invert all the binary bits in a binary number
Adding 1 to the least significant bit of the number
So let’s discuss these through examples!
Examples
Statement
Convert the number 102 into two’s complement form with the steps shown.
Solution
Here the given number is 102, which is in its decimal form. First, we need to convert it to its equivalent binary form.
102 in Decimal = 1100110 in binary
Or
(102)10=(1100110)2
The required binary number is as (1100110)2
The free two’s complement calculator can also instantly convert any decimal number to its binary notation before calculating two’s complement form.
Inverting all the bits now
(1100110)2=(0011001)2
Adding 1 to the least significant bit of the inverted binary number as follows
(001100)2
+ (1)2
________
(001101)2
________
Which is the required answer and can also be checked by 2’s complement calculator.
Statement
Convert the number (1245)10 to its two’s complement form.
Solution
We have the number as
(1245)10
The equivalent binary number to this decimal number is
(1245)10=(10011011101)2
Now converting the binary number to its inverted form as follows
(10011011101)2=(01100100010)2
Now in the final step, we will again add 1 to the least significant bit
(01100100010)2
+ (1)2
_____________
(01100100011)2
_____________
Characterization of Two’s Complement Number
A binary number in two’s complement form is characterized by the following points
In a standard two’s complement, a fixed number of bits are used which are 4 by default. But you can also get results for even greater numbers if you use the two’s complement calculator by calculator-online.net
The bit on the left side is called the most significant bit
Example
In binary number 1010010, the bolded 1 is the most significant bit.
You can easily represent any positive and negative equivalent binary numbers with two’s complement notation
Using a 4-bit standard notation, you can represent only a couple of numbers in their two’s complement notation. These numbers are 7 and -8 being positive and negative, respectively
Overflow Detection In 2’s Complement
We frequently have a finite amount of bits available when working with binary digits. The system normally only permits a certain amount of bits. As a result, we must be watchful in case there is an overflow.
The majority of overflow cases involve adding two binary values. If the sign bits of the two integers being added match, there will be an overflow. And the outcome has a little the opposite sign.
For example, adding two positive integers results in a negative result.
Let’s Cover Up Things!
In the following read, we have covered all basics of two’s complement notation. Also, we have enlightened the use of two’s complement calculator in getting swift results during 2’s complement calculations. We hope you may benefit from the article.
Last year The Pharmacy Council of India make some revolutionary changes in Diploma in Pharmacy syllabus and introduced the Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination saying that every Diploma in Pharmacy student has to clear this exam to become a Registered Pharmacist. So in this post of MyPharmaGuide, we are going to compare some of the best books for Diploma in Pharmacy exit examination and suggest you the best book so you can prepare well for this very important examination. You can also download D.Pharm 1st Year Books and Notes and also D.Pharm 2nd Year Books and Notes from our website.
Best Book for Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination Preparation
What is Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination?
The Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination is an eligibility test for Diploma in Pharmacy students who already passed their 2nd Year final examination and are all set to become Registered Pharmacists. Diploma in Pharmacy final year passed students need to qualify for this Exit Examination and also have to complete the internship of 3 months to become eligible for Registered Pharmacist. This year PCI introduce this new eligibility test system to increase the quality of Pharmacy education in India along with this The Pharmacy Council of India has also changed the syllabus for both Diploma in Pharmacy first year and 2nd year and introduced some latest topics like Pharmacovigilance and many more.
What are the Books available for Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination preparation?
There are many books of different publications are available for DPEE. Most of the books are from Nirali Prakashan, Thakur Publications, ACME Publishers and JBC Press. We have shared some basic overviews and their purchase link of the books so you can easily purchase the Hardcopy or Ebooks if you want to purchase them.
High number of MCQs compared to other diploma in pharmacy book
Subject-wise Practice Question with Model Papers
1500+ Model Questions
Price is high compared to other but the contents they providing justifying the price
Wrapping Up
All books shared are good enough for your preparation as most of them include many numbers of MCQ question answers according to the topics. Though only reading these preparation books is enough for the preparation and you must have a basic knowledge of the topics for this you have to read your syllabus books for D.Pharm 1st Year and D.Pharm 2nd year very carefully.
The Pharmacy Council of India has recently updated the D Pharm Syllabus and made huge changes in the syllabus of DPharm 1st Year as well as in the syllabus of DPharm 2nd Year. Not only changed the syllabus but PCI has also introduced the Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination for the D.Pharm students. A lot of things have been changed in the new syllabus of D.Pharm because PCI has decorated the whole syllabus of D.Pharm in a new way to meet the Diploma In Pharmacy education global level. So in this post, we will deeply analyse the whole syllabus of the Diploma in Pharmacy to observe the new topics and subjects the Pharmacy Council of India has added to the new D.Pharm curriculum and the topic they have deleted from the old syllabus. If you still do not follow us on different social media then links are given below. Follow us and support us so we could manage more amazing posts like this daily.
New D Pharm Syllabus 2022 with PDF Download
As we all know Diploma in Pharmacy course is divided into two years D.Pharm 1st Year and D.Pharm 2nd Year. We have discussed the syllabus below Year wise and subject wise.
Subjects According to New D Pharm Syllabus
Subject Names
Year
Pharmaceutics – Theory and Practical
D.Pharm 1st Year
Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Theory and Practical
D.Pharm 1st Year
Pharmacognosy – Theory and Practical
D.Pharm 1st Year
Human Anatomy and Physiology – Theory and Practical
D.Pharm 1st Year
Social Pharmacy – Theory and Practical
D.Pharm 1st Year
Pharmacology – Theory and Practical
D.Pharm 2nd Year
Community Pharmacy & Management – Theory and Practical
D.Pharm 2nd Year
Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology – Theory and Practical
D.Pharm 2nd Year
Pharmacotherapeutics – Theory and Practical
D.Pharm 2nd Year
Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy – Theory and Practical
D.Pharm 2nd Year
Pharmacy Law & Ethics – only Theory
D.Pharm 2nd Year
D Pharmacy 1st Year Syllabus
Previously there were six subjects in D.Pharm 1st Year now after the recent changes there are five subjects. So PCI reduced one subject from the syllabus for Diploma in Pharmacy 1st Year. New subjects of DPharm 1st Year are:
Pharmaceutics – Theory and Practical
Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Theory and Practical
Pharmacognosy – Theory and Practical
Human Anatomy and Physiology – Theory and Practical
Social Pharmacy Theory and Practical
The detailed Subject wise and Topic wise Syllabus of D.Pharm 1st Year is shared below.
The Pharmaceutics course is designed in a manner so that the D.Pharm students can get the basic knowledge of formulating and dispensing the different pharmaceutical dosage forms. Students will get basic knowledge of the following pharmaceutical aspects.
The basic concept of Pharmaceutics
Disadvantages, Advantages, Formulation and Method of Preparation of different dosage forms.
Requirements for Packaging and Labelling
Basic idea about GMP, Quality Tests and Quality Assurance
Chapter 1:Introduction
History of the profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to Pharmacy education, industry, pharmacy practice, and various professional associations.
Pharmacy as a career
Pharmacopoeia: Introduction to IP, USP, BP, NF and the Extra Pharmacopoeia. Salient features of Indian Pharmacopoeia
Chapter 2:Packaging Materials
Types of Packaging Materials
Selection criteria of Packaging Materials
Advantages and Disadvantages of Glass as a Packaging Material
Advantages and Disadvantages of Plastic as a Packaging Material
Advantages and Disadvantages of Metal as a Packaging Material
Disadvantages and Advantages of Rubber as a Packaging Material
Chapter 3: (A) Pharmaceutical Aids
Organoleptic Agents (Flavouring, Colouring and Sweetening)
Chapter 3: (B) Preservatives
Definition of Preservatives
Different types of Preservatives with Examples
Uses of Preservatives
Chapter 4: (A) Size Reduction
Definition of Ball Mill and Hammer Mill
Applications and Objectives of Ball Mill and Hammer Mill
Principle of Hammer Mill and Ball Mill
Construction and Working of Hammer Mill and Ball Mill
Chapter 4: (B) Size Separation
Classification of Powder according to Indian Pharmacopoeia
Definition of Cyclone separator
Applications and Objectives of Cyclone separator
Principle of Cyclone separator
Construction and Working of Cyclone separator
Sieves and standards of sieves
Chapter 4: (C) Mixing
Definition of Double cone blender, Triple roller mill, Turbine mixer, and Silverson mixer homogenizer
Applications and Objectives of Double cone blender, Triple roller mill, Turbine mixer, and Silverson mixer homogenizer
Principle of Double cone blender, Triple roller mill, Turbine mixer, and Silverson mixer homogenizer
Construction and Working of Double cone blender, Triple roller mill, Turbine mixer, and Silverson mixer homogenizer
Chapter 4: (D) Filtration
Theory of filtration
Sintered Glass Filter and Membrane Filter
Chapter 4: (E) Drying
Process of freeze-drying
Working of fluidized bed dryer
Chapter 4: (F) Extraction
Definition of Extraction
Classification of Extraction
Method of Extraction
Applications of Extraction
Chapter 5: (A) Tablets
Coated and Uncoated Tablets
Different Modified Tablets (extended-release, multi-layered, sustained release, fast-dissolving etc)
Chapter 5: (B) Capsules
Hard Gelatin Capsules
Soft Gelatin Capsules
Chapter 6: (C) Liquid Oral Preparations
Solutions
Elixirs
Syrups
Suspension
Emulsion
Dry Powder for Reconstitution
Chapter 6: (D) Topical Preparations
Creams
Ointments
Pastes
Liniments
Lotions
Gels
Pessaries
Suppositories
Chapter 6: (E) Nasal preparations and Ear preparations
Chapter 6: (F) Powders and Granules
Dusting Powders
Effervescent Granules
Effervescent Powders
Insufflations
Chapter 6: (G) Sterile formulations
Eye Drops
Eye Ointments
Injectables
Chapter 6: (H) Immunological Products
Vaccines
Sera
Toxoids
manufacturing methods of Sera, Toxoids and Vaccines
Chapter 7: Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Definition and Concepts of Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP)
Concept of Validation and Calibration
Chapter 8: Novel Drug Delivery System
Introduction of Novel Drug Delivery System
Classification of Novel Drug Delivery System with examples
Challenges and Advantages of Novel Drug Delivery System
Pharmaceutical Chemistry D.Pharm 1st Year Syllabus
The Pharmaceutical Chemistry course is designed to gain basic knowledge about the chemical structure, storage conditions and medicinal uses of organic and inorganic chemical substances used as drugs and pharmaceuticals along with the impurities, and quality control aspects of chemical substances used in pharmaceuticals.
Chapter 1: (A) Introduction to Pharmaceutical chemistry
Scope and Objective of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Chapter 1: (B) Sources and types of errors
Accuracy
Precision
Significant Figures
Chapter 1: (C) Impurities in Pharmaceuticals
Source of impurities in Pharmacopoeial substances
effect of impurities in Pharmacopoeial substances
Importance of Limit Test
Procedures and Principle of Limit tests for Chlorides
Limit tests for Sulphates
Principle and Procedures of Limit tests for Iron
Principle and Procedures of Limit tests for Heavy Metals and Arsenic
Chapter 2: (A) Volumetric Analysis
Fundamentals of Volumetric Analysis
Acid-Base Titration
Non-Aqueous Titration
Precipitation Titration
Complexometric Titration
Redox Titration
Chapter 2: (B) Gravimetric Analysis
Principle and Method of Gravimetry Analysis
Chapter 3: (A) Haematinics
Market Preparations, Pharmaceutical formulations, use and storage conditions of Ferrous sulphate, Ferrous ascorbate, Ferrous fumarate, Carbonyl iron and Ferric ammonium citrate.
Chapter 3: (B) Gastrointestinal Agents
Market Preparations, Pharmaceutical formulations, use and storage conditions of Antacids: Magnesium hydroxide, Aluminium hydroxide gel, Calcium Carbonate, Adsorbents, Cathartics, Aluminium hydroxide gel, Magaldrate, Adsorbents, Sodium bicarbonate
Chapter 3: (C) Topical agents
Market Preparations, Pharmaceutical formulations, use and storage conditions of Ionic Silver, Hydrogen peroxide, Boric acid, Potassium permanganate, Silver Nitrate, Chlorhexidine Gluconate.
Chapter 3: (D) Dental products
Market Preparations, Pharmaceutical formulations, use and storage conditions of Sodium fluoride, Denture adhesives, Calcium carbonate, Denture cleaners, Mouthwashes
Chapter 3: (E) Medicinal Gases
Market Preparations, Pharmaceutical formulations, use and storage conditions of nitrous oxide, Carbon dioxide, oxygen.
The Pharmacognosy course of the D Pharm syllabus has been designed in a manner so students can gain information about the origins of various crude drugs along with nutraceuticals, different medicine systems and evaluation of crude drugs.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Definition and History of Pharmacognosy
Scope and present status of Pharmacognosy
Chapter 2: Classification of Drugs
Taxonomical, Pharmacological, Chemo-taxonomical, Alphabetical, Morphological, Chemical
Chapter 3: Quality Control of Crude Drugs
Different methods of adulteration of crude drugs
Evaluation of crude drugs
Chapter 4:
Distribution, Identification tests, pharmaceutical applications, isolation, the therapeutic activity of terpenoids, volatile oils, resins, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins
Chapter 5:
Laxatives: Castor oil, Senna, Aloe, Ispaghula
Cardiotonic: Arjuna, Digitalis
Carminatives and G.I. regulators: Fennel, Ginger, Black Pepper, Nutmeg, Coriander, Cardamom, Clove, Black Pepper, Asafoetida, Cinnamon
Astringents: Black Catechu, Myrobalan, Pale Catechu
Drugs acting on the nervous system: Belladonna, Opium, Coffee seeds, Hyoscyamus, Ephedra, Tea leaves, Coca
Anti-hypertensive: Rauwolfia
Anti-tussive: Tolu Balsam, Vasaka
Anti-rheumatics: Colchicum seed
Anti-tumour: Podophyllum, Vinca
Antidiabetics: Gymnema, Pterocarpus
Diuretics: Punarnava, Gokhru
Anti-dysenteric: Ipecacuanha
Antiseptics and disinfectants: Myrrh, Turmeric, Benzoin, Neem
Chapter 8: Role of medicinal and aromatic plants in the national economy and their export potential
Chapter 9: Herbs as health food
Therapeutic applications and Introduction of Antioxidants, Pre-biotics, Omega-3-fatty acids, Carotenoids, Garlic, Nutraceuticals, Pro-biotics, Dietary fibres, Spirulina, Soya
Chapter 10: Introduction to herbal formulations
Chapter 11: Herbal cosmetics
chemical constituents, therapeutic and cosmetic uses, Sources, commercial preparations of Almond oil, Olive oil, Sandal Wood oil, Aloe vera gel, Lavender oil, Rosemary oil
Chapter 12: Phytochemical Investigation of Drugs
Human Anatomy and Physiology D.Pharm 1st Year Syllabus
This Human Anatomy and Physiology D Pharm Syllabus for D.Pharm 1st Year Students contain topics for a better understanding of basic physiological monitoring of different systems and functions.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Scope of Human Anatomy and Physiology
Definition of different terminologies
Chapter 2: Structure of Cell
Components of cell and the basic function of cell
Chapter 3: Tissues of the human body
Connective tissue, epithelial tissue, nervous tissue, muscular tissue – their characteristics and subtypes
Chapter 4: Osseous system
Function and Structure of bones, appendicular skeleton and axial skeleton
Movements of Joints, Classification of Joints, Disorders of Joints
Chapter 5: Haemopoietic system
Functions and Composition of blood
Hemopoiesis process
functions and Characteristics of WBCs, RBCs and platelets
Blood Clotting Mechanism
Importance of Blood Grouping
Chapter 6: Lymphatic system
Function, composition and formation of the lymphatic system and lymph
functions and structure of lymph node and spleen
Chapter 7: Cardiovascular system
Anatomy and Physiology of heart
Circulation (Coronary, Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation) and Blood vessels
Heart sounds Cardiac cycle and basics of ECG
Blood pressure and regulation of blood pressure
Chapter 8: Respiratory system
Functions and Anatomy and Respiratory Organs
Regulation and Mechanism of Respiration
Definition of Respiratory volume and capacity
Chapter 9: Digestive system
Anatomy and Physiology of Gastro-Intestinal Tract
Functions and Anatomy of Accessory Glands
Physiology of Absorption and Digestion
Chapter 10: Skeletal muscles
Histology
The physiology behind muscle contraction
Disorders of Muscle contractions
Chapter 11: Nervous system
Classification of the nervous system
Anatomy and physiology of cerebellum, cerebrum, midbrain
The function of the medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, and basal ganglia
Structure of Spinal Cords and reflexes
Functions and names of cranial nerves
Anatomy and physiology of parasympathetic nervous system (ANS) and sympathetic nervous system
Chapter 12: Sense organs
Anatomy and physiology of Eye
Anatomy and physiology of Ear
Anatomy and physiology of Nose
Anatomy and physiology of Tongue
Anatomy and physiology of Skin
Chapter 13: Urinary System
Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
The physiology behind the formation of urine
Renin – angiotensin system
micturition and Clearance tests
Chapter 14: Endocrine system
Adrenal gland
Pancreas and gonads
Pituitary gland
Thyroid and parathyroid gland
Chapter 15: Reproductive system
Anatomy of the female reproductive system and male reproductive system
Physiology behind menstruation
Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis
Parturition and Pregnancy
Social Pharmacy D.Pharm 1st Year Syllabus
Social Pharmacy subject has been newly added to D.Pharm 1st Year. D Pharm syllabus for Social Pharmacy subject given below:
Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Pharmacy
Scope and Definition. The discipline of Social Pharmacy, Role of Pharmacists in Public Health
Concept of Health – Various Dimensions, Health Indicators, WHO Definition and Determinants
Indian Perspective of National Health Policy
Private Health System in India, Public Health System, National Health Mission
Introduction to Sustainable Development Goals, Millennium Development Goals and FIP Development Goals
Chapter 2: Preventive Healthcare – Role of Pharmacists
Family Planning and Demography
Importance of Breastfeeding, Mother and child health,
Bad effects of infant milk substitute bottle-feeding
Bad effects of bottle-feeding
Types of Immunity, Types of Immunization, Overview of Vaccines
Effect of Environment on Health – the importance of safe drinking water, Water pollution, waterborne diseases, noise pollution, sewage and solid waste disposal, air pollution, occupational illnesses, Environmental pollution due to pharmaceuticals
Psychosocial Pharmacy – Drugs of Misuse and Abuse: narcotics, tobacco products, psychotropics, alcohol, Social Impact of these bad habits on social health and productivity and suicidal behaviours
Chapter 3: Nutrition and Health
Basics of Macronutrients and Basics of Micronutrients.
Importance of fibre and water in the diet
A balanced diet, nutrition deficiency diseases, calorific and nutritive values of various foods, Malnutrition, ill effects of junk foods, fortification of food
Introduction to food safety, effects of artificial ripening, genetically modified foods, adulteration of foods, use of pesticides
Chapter 4: Introduction to Microbiology and common microorganisms
Epidemiology: Introduction and Application of Epidemiology, Understanding of terms such as a pandemic, epidemic, mode of transmission, quarantine, outbreak, isolation, contact tracing, incubation period, mortality, and morbidity.
Causative agents, clinical presentations, epidemiology and the role of Pharmacists in teaching people to prevent the below given communicable disease.
Arthropod-borne infections – malaria, chikungunya, dengue and filariasis
Surface infections – tetanus, trachoma and leprosy
AIDS/HIV, STDs
Chapter 5
Introduction to health systems
Introduction to all ongoing National Health programs and their functioning, role of pharmacists, objectives and outcome
Chapter 6: Pharmacoeconomics
Introduction, the importance of pharmacoeconomics and basic terminologies
D Pharmacy 2nd Year Syllabus
There were six theory subjects on the old D Pharm syllabus but after the recent changes in the syllabus, there are now also six subjects a list of the old syllabus is shared below in the table.
D.Pharm 2nd Year New Subjects (Theory)
D.Pharm 2nd Year Old Subjects (Theory)
Pharmacology
Pharmaceutics-II
Community Pharmacy & Management
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II
Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology
Pharmacology & Toxicology
Pharmacotherapeutics
Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence
Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy
Drug store and Business Management
Pharmacy Law & Ethics
Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy
Comparison of D.Pharm 2nd Year New and Old Subjects according to new D Pharm Syllabus
The detailed Subject wise and Topic wise Syllabus of D.Pharm 1st Year is shared below.
Introduction to Pharmacology and the scope of Pharmacology
Different routes of drug administration and advantages and disadvantages
Drug absorption – factors affecting drug absorption, types and definition of Drug absorption
Bioavailability and different factors that affect bioavailability
Drug distribution – factors affecting drug distribution and definition of Drug distribution
Biotransformation of drugs – Definition, factors that influence drug metabolisms, types of biotransformation reactions
Excretion of drugs – Definition, different routes of drug excretion
General mechanism of drug action and factors that modify drug action
Chapter 2: Drugs Acting on the Peripheral Nervous System
Different Steps Involved in the neurohumoral transmission process
Definition, pharmacological actions, indications, classification, dose and contraindications of
Anti-Cholinergic drugs
Cholinergic drugs
Local anaesthetic agents
Adrenergic drugs
Anti-adrenergic drugs
Drugs used in Myasthenia gravis
Neuromuscular blocking agents
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Chapter 3: Drugs Acting on the Eye
Definition, pharmacological actions, dose, classification, indications and contraindications of
Mydriatics
Miotics
Drugs used in Glaucoma
Chapter 4: Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System
Definition, pharmacological actions, classification, indications, dose and contraindications of
Hypnotics and sedatives
Anti-anxiety drugs
Anti-psychotics
Centrally acting muscle relaxants
General anaesthetics
Anti-Convulsant drugs
Anti-depressant drugs
Nootropic agents
Opioid analgesics
Chapter 5: Drugs Acting on the Cardiovascular System
Definition, pharmacological actions, classification, indications, dose and contraindications of
Anti-anginal drugs
Drugs used in atherosclerosis
Drug therapy for shock
Anti-hypertensive drugs
Anti-arrhythmic drugs
Congestive heart failure
Chapter 6: Drugs Acting on Blood and Blood Forming Organs
Definition, pharmacological actions, classification, indications, dose and contraindications of
Anti-coagulants
Thrombolytic drugs
Hematinic agents
Anti-platelet agents
Chapter 7:
Definition, pharmacological actions, classification, indications, dose and contraindications of
Expectorants
Mucolytic agents
Bronchodilators
Anti-tussive agents
Chapter 8: Drugs Acting on the Gastro-Intestinal Tract
Definition, pharmacological actions, classification, indications, dose and contraindications of
Anti-emetics
Anti-diarrheal drugs
Anti-ulcer drugs
Laxatives and purgatives
Chapter 9: Drugs Acting on the Kidney
Definition, pharmacological actions, classification, indications, dose and contraindications of
Anti-Diuretics
Diuretics
Chapter 10: Hormones and Hormone Antagonists
Clinical Uses, Pathological role and physiological use of
Anti-thyroid drugs
Calcitonin
Insulin
Estrogen
Oxytocin
Thyroid hormones
Parathormone
Vitamin D
Oral hypoglycemic agents
Progesterone
Corticosteroids
Chapter 11: Autocoids
The physiological role of 5 HT, Histamine and Prostaglandins
Classification, adverse effects and clinical uses of 5 HT and antihistamines
Chapter 12: Chemotherapeutic Agents
Introduction, infestations and neoplastic diseases, dose, indication, basic principles of chemotherapy of infections, Classification and contraindications of drugs belonging to the following classes:
Cephalosporins
Fluoroquinolones
Tetracyclines
Anti-tubercular drugs
Anti-viral drugs
Anthelmintics
Anti-neoplastic agents
Penicillins
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Sulphonamides
Anti-fungal drugs
Anti-amoebic agents
Anti-malarial agents
Chapter 13: Biologicals
Definition
indications of biological agents with their examples
types of biologicals
Community Pharmacy and Management D.Pharm 2nd Year Syllabus
Chapter 1: Community Pharmacy Practice
Definition
Development and the history of community pharmacy
Indian and International scenarios of Community Pharmacy
Chapter 2:
Professional responsibilities of the community pharmacists
An Introduction to the concept of SOPs and Good Pharmacy Practice.
Chapter 3: Prescription and Prescription Handling
Definition, Different parts of a sample prescription, legality of prescriptions, handling of prescriptions, labelling of the dispensed medications, and brief instructions on the medication usage.
Process of Dispensing, Good Dispensing Practices, dispensing errors and different strategies to minimize the errors.
Chapter 4: Communication Skills
Definition and Different Types of Communication Skills.
Interactions with patients and professionals.
Verbal communication skills (over the telephone, one-to-one )
Body language
Patient interview techniques
Written communication skills
Chapter 5: Patient counselling
Definition and benefits of patient counselling
Stages of patient counselling – Introduction, counselling content, counselling process, and closing the counselling session
Barriers to effective counselling – Types and strategies to overcome the barriers
Patient counselling points for chronic diseases/disorders – Hypertension, Diabetes, Asthma, Tuberculosis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and AIDS
Patient Package Inserts – Definition, importance and benefits, Scenarios of PPI use in India and other countries
Patient Information leaflets – Definition and uses
Chapter 6: Medication Adherence
Definition, factors influencing non-adherence, strategies to overcome non-adherence
Chapter 7: Health Screening Services in Community Pharmacy
Introduction, scope, and importance of various health screening services – for routine monitoring of patients, early detection, and referral of undiagnosed cases
Chapter 8: Over The Counter (OTC) Medications
Definition, need and role of Pharmacists in OTC medication dispensing
OTC medications in India, counselling for OTC products
Self-medication and the role of pharmacists in promoting the safe practices during self-medication
Responding to symptoms, minor ailments, and advice for self-care in conditions such as – pain management, Cough, Cold, Diarrhea, Constipation, Vomiting, Fever, Sore throat, Skin disorders, Oral health (mouth ulcers, dental pain, gum swelling)
Chapter 10: Community Pharmacy Management
Legal requirements to set up a community pharmacy
Site selection requirements
Pharmacy designs and interiors
Vendor selection and ordering
Procurement, inventory control methods, and inventory management
Financial planning and management
Accountancy in community pharmacy – Daybook, Cashbook
Introduction to pharmacy operation Software – usefulness and availability
Customer Relation Management (CRM)
Audits in Pharmacies
SOP of Pharmacy Management
Introduction to Digital Health, mHealth and Online pharmacies
Biochemistry and Clinical Pathology D.Pharm 2nd Year Syllabus
Chapter 1: Introduction to Biochemistry
Scope of biochemistry in pharmacy
Cell and its biochemical organization
Chapter 2: Carbohydrates
Definition, classification with examples, chemical properties
Monosaccharides – the Structure of glucose, fructose, and galactose
Disaccharides – the structure of maltose, lactose, and sucrose
Polysaccharides – chemical nature of starch and glycogen
Qualitative tests and the biological role of carbohydrates
Chapter 3: Proteins
Definition and classification of proteins based on composition and solubility with examples
Definition, and classification of amino acids based on chemical nature and nutritional requirements with examples
Structure of proteins (four levels of organization of protein structure)
Qualitative tests and the biological role of proteins and amino acids
Diseases related to malnutrition of proteins.
Chapter 4: Lipids
Definition, classification with examples
Structure and properties of triglycerides (oils and fats)
Fatty acid classification – Based on chemical and nutritional requirements with examples
Structure and functions of cholesterol in the body
Lipoproteins – types, composition and functions in the body
Qualitative tests and functions of lipids
Chapter 5: Nucleic Acids
Definition, purine and pyrimidine bases
Components of nucleosides and nucleotides with examples
Structure of DNA (Watson and Crick model), RNA and their functions
Chapter 6: Enzymes
Definition, properties and IUB and MB classification
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Mechanism of action of enzymes, Enzyme inhibitors
Therapeutic and pharmaceutical importance of enzymes
Chapter 7: Vitamins
Definition and classification with examples
Sources, chemical nature, functions, coenzyme form, recommended dietary requirements, deficiency diseases of fat-and water-soluble vitamins
Chapter 8: Metabolism
Metabolism of Carbohydrates: Glycolysis, TCA cycle and glycogen metabolism, regulation of blood glucose level. Diseases related to abnormal metabolism of Carbohydrates
Metabolism of lipids: Lipolysis, β-oxidation of Fatty acid (Palmitic acid) ketogenesis and ketolysis. Diseases related to abnormal metabolism of lipids such as Ketoacidosis, Fatty liver, Hypercholesterolemia
Metabolism of Amino acids (Proteins): General reactions of amino acids and their significance– Transamination, deamination, Urea cycle and decarboxylation. Diseases related to abnormal metabolism of amino acids, Disorders of ammonia metabolism, phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria and Jaundice.
Biological oxidation: Electron transport chain and Oxidative phosphorylation
The electrolyte composition of the body fluids, Dietary intake of electrolytes and Electrolyte balance
Dehydration, causes of dehydration and oral rehydration therapy
Chapter 11: Introduction to Biotechnology
Chapter 12: Organ Function Tests
Functions of kidney and routinely performed tests to assess the functions of kidneys and their clinical significance
Functions of liver and routinely performed tests to assess the functions of the liver and their clinical significance
Lipid profile tests and their clinical significance
Chapter 13: Introduction to Pathology of Blood and Urine
Lymphocytes and Platelets, their role in health and disease
Erythrocytes – Abnormal cells and their significance
Normal and Abnormal constituents of Urine and their significance
Pharmacotherapeutics D.Pharm 2nd Year Syllabus
Chapter 1: Pharmacotherapeutics
Introduction, scope, and objectives.
Rational use of Medicines, Evidence-Based Medicine,
Essential Medicines List, Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs)
Chapter 2:
Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of the diseases associated with
Chapter 2: (A) Cardiovascular System
Hypertension
Hyperlipidaemia
Angina and Myocardial infarction
Congestive Heart Failure
Chapter 2: (B) Respiratory System
COPD
Asthma
Chapter 2: (c) Endocrine System
Thyroid disorders – Hypo and Hyperthyroidism
Diabetes
Chapter 2: (D) Central Nervous System
Epilepsy
Parkinson’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Stroke
Migraine
Chapter 2: (E) Gastro-Intestinal Disorders
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Alcoholic liver disease
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis)
Chapter 2: (F) Haematological Disorders
Megaloblastic anaemia
Iron deficiency anaemia
Chapter 2: (G) Infectious Diseases
Tuberculosis
Urinary tract infections
Gonorrhoea and Syphilis
HIV and Opportunistic infections
Pneumonia
Hepatitis
Malaria
Viral Infections (SARS, CoV2)
Chapter 2: (H) Musculoskeletal Disorders
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chapter 2: (I) Dermatology
Psoriasis
Eczema
Scabies
Chapter 2: (J) Psychiatric Disorders
Depression
Psychosis
Anxiety
Chapter 2: (K) Ophthalmology
Glaucoma
Conjunctivitis (bacterial and viral)
Chapter 2: (L) Anti-microbial Resistance
Chapter 2: (M) Women’s Health
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Dysmenorrhea
Premenstrual Syndrome
Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy D.Pharm 2nd Year Syllabus
Chapter 1: Hospital Pharmacy
Definition, scope, national and international scenario
Organisational structure
Professional responsibilities, Qualifications and experience requirements, job specifications, workload requirements and interprofessional relationships
Introduction to NAQS guidelines and NABH Accreditation and Role of Pharmacists
Chapter 2: Different Committees in the Hospital
Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee – Objectives, Composition, and functions
Hospital Formulary – Definition, the procedure for development and use of hospital formulary
Infection Control Committee – Role of Pharmacist in preventing Antimicrobial Resistance
Chapter 3: Supply Chain and Inventory Control
Preparation of Drug lists – High-Risk drugs, Emergency drugs, Schedule H1 drugs, NDPS drugs, reserved antibiotics
Procedures of Drug Purchases – Drug selection, short the term, long term, and tender/e-tender process, quotations, etc
Inventory control techniques: Economic Order Quantity, Reorder Quantity Level, Inventory Turnover etc.
Inventory Management of Central Drug Store – Storage conditions, Methods of storage, Distribution, Maintaining Cold Chain, Devices used for cold storage (Refrigerator, ILR, Walk-in-Cold rooms)
FEFO, FIFO methods
Expiry drug removal and handling, and disposal. Disposal of Narcotics, cytotoxic drugs
Documentation – purchase and inventory
Chapter 4: Drug Distribution
Drug distribution (in-patients and out-patients) – Definition, advantages and disadvantages of individual prescription order method, Floor Stock Method, Unit Dose Drug Distribution Method, Drug Basket Method
Distribution of drugs to ICCU/ICU/NICU/Emergency wards.
Automated drug dispensing systems and devices
Distribution of Narcotic and Psychotropic substances and their storage
Chapter 5:
Compounding in Hospitals. Bulk compounding, IV admixture services and incompatibilities, Total parenteral nutrition
Chapter 6: Radio Pharmaceuticals
Storage, dispensing and disposal of radiopharmaceuticals
Chapter 7:
Application of computers in Hospital Pharmacy Practice, Electronic health records, Software used in hospital pharmacy
Chapter 8: Clinical Pharmacy
Definition, scope, and development – in India and other countries
Technical definitions, common terminologies used in clinical settings and their significance such as Paediatrics, Geriatric, Anti-natal Care, Post-natal Care, etc.
Chapter 9: Daily activities of clinical pharmacists
Definition, goal, and procedure of
Ward round participation
Adverse drug reaction monitoring
Medication history
Interprofessional collaboration
Treatment Chart Review
Drug information and poisons information
Patient counselling
Pharmaceutical care: Definition, classification of drug-related problems. Principles and procedures to provide pharmaceutical care
Chapter 10: Clinical laboratory tests used in the evaluation of disease states – significance and interpretation of test results
Haematological, Liver function, Renal function, thyroid function tests
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Tests associated with cardiac disorders
Pulmonary Function Tests
Chapter 11: Poisoning
Types of poisoning: Clinical manifestations and Antidotes
Drugs and Poison Information Centre and their services – Definition, Requirements, Information resources with examples, and their advantages and disadvantages
Chapter 12: Pharmacovigilance
Definition, aim and scope
Overview of Pharmacovigilance
Chapter 13: Medication errors
Definition, Types, consequences, and strategies to minimize medication errors, LASA drugs and Tallman lettering as per ISMP
Drug Interactions: Definition, Types, the clinical significance of drug interactions
Pharmacy Law and Ethics D.Pharm 2nd Year Syllabus
Chapter 1
General Principles of Law, History and various Acts related to Drugs and the Pharmacy profession
Chapter 2: Pharmacy Act-1948 and Rules
Objectives, Definitions, Pharmacy Council of India; its constitution and functions, Education Regulations, State and Joint state pharmacy councils, Registration of Pharmacists, Offences and Penalties.
Pharmacy Practice Regulations 2015
Chapter 3: Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945 and New Amendments
Objectives, Definitions, Legal definitions of schedules to the Act and Rules Import of drugs – Classes of drugs and cosmetics prohibited from import, Import under license or permit
Manufacture of drugs – Prohibition of manufacture and sale of certain drugs, Conditions for grant of license and conditions of license for manufacture of drugs, Manufacture of drugs for the test, examination and analysis, manufacture of a new drug, loan license and repacking license.
Study of schedules C and C1, G, H, H1, K, P, M, N, and X
Sale of Drugs – Wholesale, Retail sale and Restricted license, Records to be kept in a pharmacy Drugs Prohibited for Manufacture and sale in India
Administration of the Act and Rules – Drugs Technical Advisory Board, Central Drugs Laboratory, Drugs Consultative Committee, Government analysts, licensing authorities, controlling authorities, Drug Inspectors.
Chapter 4: Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 and Rules
Objectives, Definitions, Authorities and Officers, Prohibition, Control and Regulation, Offences and Penalties.
Chapter 5: Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954
Objectives, Definitions, Prohibition of certain advertisements, Classes of Exempted advertisements, Offences and Penalties.
Chapter 6: Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act-1960
Objectives, Definitions, CPCSEA – brief overview, Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, Breeding and Stocking of Animals, Performance of Experiments, Transfer and Acquisition of animals for the experiment, Records, Power to suspend or revoke registration, Offences and Penalties.
Chapter 7: Poisons Act-1919
Introduction, objective, definition, possession, possession for sales and sale of any poison, import of poisons
Chapter 8: FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) Act and Rules
Brief overview and aspects related to manufacturing, storage, sale, and labelling of Food Supplements
Chapter 9: National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority
Drugs Price Control Order (DPCO) – 2013. Objectives, Definitions, Sale prices of bulk drugs, Retail price of formulations, Retail price and ceiling price of scheduled formulations, Pharmaceutical Policy 2002, National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM)
Chapter 10: Code of Pharmaceutical Ethics
Definition, ethical principles, ethical problem solving, registration, code of ethics for Pharmacist in relation to his job, trade, the medical profession and his profession, Pharmacist’s oath.
Chapter 11: Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act and Rules
Basic understanding, salient features, and Amendments
Chapter 12
Role of all the government pharma regulator bodies – Central Drugs Standards Control Organization (CDSCO), Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC)
Chapter 13
Good Regulatory practices (documentation, licenses, renewals, e-governance) in Community Pharmacy, Hospital Pharmacy, Pharma Manufacturing, Wholesale business, inspections, import, and export of drugs and medical devices
Chapter 14
Introduction to BCS system of classification, Basic concepts of Clinical Trials, ANDA, NDA, New Drug development, New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules, 2019. Brand v/s Generic, Trade name concept, Introduction to Patent Law and Intellectual Property Rights, Emergency Use Authorization
Chapter 15
Blood bank – basic requirements and functions
Chapter 16
Clinical Establishment Act and Rules – Aspects related to Pharmacy
Chapter 17
Biomedical Waste Management Rules 2016 – Basic aspects, and aspects related to pharma manufacture to disposal of pharma / medical waste at homes, pharmacies, and hospitals
Chapter 18: Bioethics
Basic concepts, history and principles. A brief overview of ICMR’s National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research involving human participants
Chapter 19: Introduction to the Consumer Protection Act
Chapter 20: Introduction to the Disaster Management Act
Chapter 21: Medical Devices
Categorization, basic aspects related to manufacturing and sale
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Pharmacy Council of India has issued a gazette for Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination on 24th February of 2022 that ordered that from the session 2021-22, the Diploma in Pharmacy students have been made mandatory to have the exit exam for becoming a registered pharmacist in the Pharmacy Council and obtaining a retail drug permit after passing the diploma. All Candidates will be eligible for registration as Pharmacist in State Pharmacy Counseling only after passing the Diploma in Pharmacy exit examination.
If you are a D.Pharm 2nd Year student then this article is going to be an awesome article. In this article, we are going to share some valuable information regarding this circular like Exam type, How many times the exam will be conducted in a year? What will be the syllabus of the exam? What will be the passing marks like many other questions. So read the whole article carefully and gain some awesome knowledge regarding Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination.
What is Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination ?
Pharmacy Council of India on 24th February 2022 released a gazette where PCI makes it mandatory to attend an Exit Examination for Diploma in Pharmacy Students to be eligible to become a Pharmacist and to apply for Pharmacist Registration. Only students who have passed the Diploma in Pharmacy course with more than 50% score will be only eligible for the course. This exit examination of Diploma in Pharmacy or D.Pharm students is known as Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination (DPEE).
The objective of the Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination (DPEE) is to ensure that a candidate applying for registration as a pharmacist with the State Pharmacy Council has undergone pharmacy education and a comprehensive practical training programme in Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharm) course as provided in the Education Regulations, 2020 or the regulations that may be in force from time to time in an institution approved by Pharmacy Council of India under section 12 of the Pharmacy Act, 1948 and acquired core competencies in dispensing of medicines and other areas of pharmacy practice and to reinforce his discipline, integrity, judgement, skills, knowledge and quest for learning so that after having passed the examination he is able to become a registered pharmacist who is able to exercise his professional skills in addition to carrying his duty and responsibilities professionally.
Frequency of Diploma in Pharmacy Examination
According to the gazatte released Diploma in Pharmacy Examination will be held two times in a year.
Information regarding the Date of Examinations and Centre of Examination will be shared with the candidate by the Prescribed Authority based on available centre.
Eligibility of Diploma in Pharmacy Examination
Diploma in Pharmacy degree holder who has already gain practical knowledge.
Students have to gain the Diploma in Pharmacy degree from PCI approved Institute.
Students have to pass the Diploma in Pharmay course with minimum of 50% marks in each paper separately.
Syllabus of Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination
A Detailed syllabus of this examination will be shared in near future by the Pharmacy Council of India.
There will be three papers of multiple choice questions in Pharmaceutics, Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy, Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hospital and Clicnical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence and Drug Store and Business Management.
The question of the exam will be Multiple Choice Question type.
Is Exit Examination is Mandatory for B.Pharm Students also?
No, there is no news regarding this matter. However, the Pharmacy Council of India is thinking to Introduce the Exit Examination for B.Pharm students also.
Conclusion
Pharmacy Council of India has taken a good decision in the betterment of Pharmacy carrier. Many institutes were offering D.Pharm degrees to students without attending the colleges, exams. This examination will increase the value of Pharmacy education in India at a global level.
Pharmacovigilance becomes a very popular sector for all the B.Pharmacy students. There are many companies like Wipro, Cognizant, TCS, Accenture and many other MNC Companies that are recruiting Pharmacy graduates regularly with attractive packages. So In this post of MyPharmaGuide, we are providing some details of free online resources which gives you valuable information about the job Pharmacovigilance with a certificate. So this post going to be extremely helpful for all the Pharmacy Students as well as other students who want to pursue their carrier in Pharmacovigilance.
Free Pharmacovigilance Online Courses with Certificate
But before we continue let’s have some basic knowledge about the Pharmacovigilance subject.
What is Pharmacovigilance and Scope of Pharmacovigilance in India
According to WHO “the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse drug effects or any other possible drug-related problems” is called Pharmacovigilance.
In other words, Pharmacovigilance is the science and activity which is related to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other medicine/vaccine-related problems.
Key goals of Pharmacovigilance
The scope of Pharmacovigilance is growing rapidly in India as well as the whole world. Pharmacovigilance includes the following domains as its parts.
Adverse Drug Reactions or Events
Medication Errors
Counterfeit or Substandard Medicines
Lack of Efficacy of Medicines
Misuse and/or abuse of Medicines
Interaction between Medicines.
Free Pharmacovigilance Online Courses with Certificate site Link
Here we have shared some links to online resources/sites which are providing Pharmacovigilance Courses or Training and certificates for free. Apply for the courses, learn and get the certificates.
UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (UK MHRA)
United Kingdom Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency has a free online course for doctors, nurses, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals for them to learn about the importance of reporting suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
It will be better if you access this course using a Desktop and Laptop. This course is presented as a story so everyone can easily learn from the course. This course has been made as a part of The Strengthing Collaboration for Operating Pharmacovigilance in Europe (Scope).
The course will take around 45minites to complete and it is only available in English Language only. There is an assessment at the end of the module so complete the module carefully. That’s all.
National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network Good Clinical Practice Course
National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network provides a free course on Good Clinical Practices which is a free course for all healthcare workers. This online course of National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network contains 12 modules. In order to access the course you have to create an account on the website first and then you can access the course. The modules of the course are:
Upsala Monitoring Centre provides free pharmacovigilance courses for health care professionals to enhance their knowledge in the Pharmacovigilance domain. Upsala Monitoring Centre provides a variety of courses. Courses are:
Course 1: Introduction to pharmacovigilance
Course 2: Signal detection and causality assessment
Course 3: Statistical reasoning and algorithms in pharmacovigilance
Course 4: Introduction to WHODrug
Course 1: Introduction to pharmacovigilance
The content of this course of Upsala Monitoring Centre is Objective of Pharmacovigilance, Scope of Pharmacovigilance and History of Pharmacovigilance.
This is a one module course and takes about 30mintues to clear. This course is available in two languages English and Spanish. You can choose one of the languages according to your comfort.
Course 2: Signal detection and causality assessment
This course of Upsala Monitoring Centre provides the basic concepts and skills of signal detection and assessment, disproportionality analysis, and causality assessment for safety reports and case series.
This course contains 4 different modules and will take about 1hr and 35minutes to complete. Modules of this course are listed below:
Module 1: Introduction to signal detection
Module 2: Causality assessment of single case safety reports
Course 3: Statistical reasoning and algorithms in pharmacovigilance
This course of Upsala Monitoring Centre addresses disproportionality analysis and methods compute different measures of disproportionality.
This is one module-based course and will take a minimum of 30 minutes to complete. So you can easily complete the course. The access link for this course is given below.
In this course of Upsala Monitoring Centre, you will basic learning of WHOdrug and various formats available of WHOdrug. This includes the coding concept required to record the data using WHO’s Drug Global and how coding influences the retrieval of data. This is a long module that is divided Into 9 parts. So you will need at least of 6hr to complete this course as there are more modules than the other courses. Modules of this course are:
Module 1: History of UMC and WHODrug
Module 2: Introduction to WHODrug
Module 3: The drug code
Module 4: WHODrug Cross Reference ATC5
Module 5: The ATC system and ATC classifications in WHODrug
Module 6: General principles of coding concomitant medications and WHODrug Best Practices
Module 7: WHODrug Standardised Drug Groupings
Module 8: WHODrug Koda – the coding engine
Module 9: WHODrug Cross Reference Tool Japan
Click the below button to get access to the modules of this course.
The modules of the Society for Clinical Research Sites are short duration courses. You will need at least 30minutes to complete the module. This module has 3 different assessments to complete and at the end of the module, you will get a certificate. The certificate will be like the image given below.
There are also many paid courses available for Pharmacovigilance but free courses are best for all beginners. After enrolling and completing the courses you will get a deep knowledge of Pharmacovigilance domains. To participate in all the courses and Happy Learning 🙂
If you have any queries regarding this post don’t forget to comment below.
Get the Applied Machine Learning in Python Coursera course assignment answers for free. University of Michigan providing the course on Coursera. Applied Machine Learning in Python by University of Michigan is a four week assignment based course upon completing the course you will get a valuable certificate which will enhance your job profile.
Applied Machine Learning in Python Coursera Assignment Answers
Yes, after the assignment complete you will get the certificate
Week 1: Assignment Answers of Applied Machine Learning in Python
There are two types of Assignment available in Week 1. One is Quiz based and another is programming assignment. We have shared answers of both assignment. Use these answers and you will score more than 80% score which is required in order to pass the assignment.
Week 1 Quiz Answers
Question 1: Select the option that correctly completes the sentence: Training a model using labeled data and using this model to predict the labels for new data is known as ____________.
Answer: Supervised Learning
Question 2: Select the option that correctly completes the sentence: Modeling the features of an unlabeled dataset to find hidden structure is known as ____________.
Answer: Unsupervised Learning
Question 3: Select the option that correctly completes the sentence: Training a model using categorically labelled data to predict labels for new data is known as __________.
Answer: Classification
Question 4: Select the option that correctly completes the sentence: Training a model using labelled data where the labels are continuous quantities to predict labels for new data is known as __________.
Answer: Regression
Question 5: Using the data for classes 0, 1, and 2 plotted below, what class would a K Neighbors Classifier classify the new point as for k = 1 and k = 3?
Answer:
k=1: Class 1
k=3: Class 2
Question 6: Which of the following is true for the nearest neighbor classifier (Select all that apply):
Answer:
A higher value of k leads to a more complex decision boundary
Given a data instance to classify, computes the probability of each possible class using a statistical model of the input features
Question 7: Why is it important to examine your dataset as a first step in applying machine learning? (Select all that apply):
Answer:
See what type of cleaning or preprocessing still needs to be done
You might notice missing data
Gain insight on what machine learning model might be appropriate, if any
Get a sense for how difficult the problem might be
Question 8: The key purpose of splitting the dataset into training and test sets is:
Answer: To estimate how well the learned model will generalize to new data
Question 9: The purpose of setting the random_state parameter in train_test_split is: (Select all that apply)
Answer: To make ………………………………………..
Question 10: Given a dataset with 10,000 observations and 50 features plus one label, what would be the dimensions of X_train, y_train, X_test, and y_test? Assume a train/test split of 75%/25%.
Answer:
X_train: (7500, 50)
y_train: (7500, )
X_test: (2500, 50)
y_test: (2500, )
Week 1 Programming Assignment Answers
A github file has been attached below the file has all the answers for the programming assignment. Just copy and paste the codes and then submit.
Week 2: Assignment Answers of Applied Machine Learning in Python
Week 2 also have 2 assignments one is Quiz based and another one is programming based all the answers has been shared below.
Week 2 Quiz Assignment Answers
Question 1: After training a ridge regression model, you find that the training and test set accuracies are 0.98 and 0.54 respectively. Which of the following would be the best choice for the next ridge regression model you train?
Answer: You are overfitting, the next model trained should have a higher value for alpha
Question 2: After training a Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel SVM, you decide to increase the influence of each training point and to simplify the decision surface. Which of the following would be the best choice for the next RBF SVM you train?
Answer: Decrease C and gamma
Question 3: Which of the following is an example of multiclass classification? (Select all that apply)
Answer: Classify a set of fruits as apples, oranges, bananas, or lemons
Question 4: Looking at the plot below which shows accuracy scores for different values of a regularization parameter lambda, what value of lambda is the best choice for generalization?
Answer: 10
Question 5: Suppose you are interested in finding a parsimonious model (the model that accomplishes the desired level of prediction with as few predictor variables as possible) to predict housing prices. Which of the following would be the best choice?
Answer: Lasso Regression
Question 6: Match the plots of SVM margins below to the values of the C parameter that correspond to them.
Answer: 0.1, 1, 10
Question 7: Use Figures A and B below to answer questions 7, 8, 9, and 10.
Question 8: Looking at Figure A and B, what is a value of alpha that optimizes the R2 score for the Ridge Model?
Answer: 3
Question 9: Looking at Figure A and B, what is a value of alpha that optimizes the R2 score for the Lasso Model?
Answer: 10
Question 10: When running a LinearRegression() model with default parameters on the same data that generated Figures A and B the output coefficients are:
Answer: 48.8
Question 11: Which of the following is true of cross-validation? (Select all that apply)
Answer:
Fits multiple models on different splits of the data
Helps prevent knowledge about the test set from leaking into the model
Increases generalization ability and computational complexity
Week 2 Programming Assignment
In Week 2 Programming Assignment we have to upload a python file. You have given you the file below just download the python file and upload in the My Submission. And then click on create submission and then upload the python file. Once successfully uploaded click submit. Coursera will take around 1-2minutes to check the file and then give you 100% score.
Week 3: Assignment Answers of Applied Machine Learning in Python
Just like Week 1 and Week 2 Week 3 has also two different types of Assignment one is Quiz based and another is Programming Assignment. All the Answers and Python file has been shared below.
Week 3 Quiz Answers
Question 1: A supervised learning model has been built to predict whether someone is infected with a new strain of a virus. The probability of any one person having the virus is 1%. Using accuracy as a metric, what would be a good choice for a baseline accuracy score that the new model would want to outperform?
Answer: 0.99
Question 2: Given the following confusion matrix:
Predicted Positive
Predicted Negative
Condition Positive
96
4
Condition Negative
8
19
Compute the accuracy to three decimal places.
Answer: 0.906
Question 3: Given the following confusion matrix:
Predicted Positive
Predicted Negative
Condition Positive
96
4
Condition Negative
8
19
Compute the precision to three decimal places.
Answer: 0.923
Question 4: Given the following confusion matrix:
Predicted Positive
Predicted Negative
Condition Positive
96
4
Condition Negative
8
19
Compute the recall to three decimal places.
Answer: 0.960
Question 5:Using the fitted model `m` create a precision-recall curve to answer the following question: For the fitted model `m`, approximately what precision can we expect for a recall of 0.8? (Use y_test and X_test to compute the precision-recall curve. If you wish to view a plot, you can use `plt.show()` )
Answer: 0.6
Question 6: Given the following models and AUC scores, match each model to its corresponding ROC curve.
Model 1 test set AUC score: 0.91
Model 2 test set AUC score: 0.50
Model 3 test set AUC score: 0.56
Answer:
Model 1: Roc 1
Model 2: Roc 3
Model 3: Roc 2
Question 7: Given the following models and accuracy scores, match each model to its corresponding ROC curve.
Model 1 test set accuracy: 0.91
Model 2 test set accuracy: 0.79
Model 3 test set accuracy: 0.72
Answer:
Model 1: Roc 1
Model 2: Roc 2
Model 3: Roc 3
Question 8: Using the fitted model `m` what is the macro precision score? (Use y_test and X_test to compute the precision score.)
Answer: 0.744
Question 9: Which of the following is true of the R-Squared metric? (Select all that apply)
Answer:
The worst possible score is 0.0
The best possible score is 1.0
Question 10: In a future society, a machine is used to predict a crime before it occurs. If you were responsible for tuning this machine, what evaluation metric would you want to maximize to ensure no innocent people (people not about to commit a crime) are imprisoned (where crime is the positive label)?
Answer: Precision
Question 11: Consider the machine from the previous question. If you were responsible for tuning this machine, what evaluation metric would you want to maximize to ensure all criminals (people about to commit a crime) are imprisoned (where crime is the positive label)?
Answer: Recall
Question 12: A classifier is trained on an imbalanced multiclass dataset. After looking at the model’s precision scores, you find that the micro averaging is much smaller than the macro averaging score. Which of the following is most likely happening?
Answer: The model is probably misclassifying the infrequent labels more than the frequent labels.
Question 13: Using the already defined RBF SVC model `m`, run a grid search on the parameters C and gamma, for values [0.01, 0.1, 1, 10]. The grid search should find the model that best optimizes for recall. How much better is the recall of this model than the precision? (Compute recall – precision to 3 decimal places) (Use y_test and X_test to compute precision and recall.)
Answer: 0.52
Question 14: Using the already defined RBF SVC model `m`, run a grid search on the parameters C and gamma, for values [0.01, 0.1, 1, 10]. The grid search should find the model that best optimizes for precision. How much better is the precision of this model than the recall? (Compute precision – recall to 3 decimal places) (Use y_test and X_test to compute precision and recall.)
Answer: 0.15
Week 3 Programming Assignment
In Week 3 Programming Assignment we have to upload a python file. You have given you the file below just download the python file and upload in the My Submission. And then click on create submission and then upload the python file. Once successfully uploaded click submit. Coursera will take around 1-2minutes to check the file and then give you 100% score.
Week 4: Assignment Answers of Applied Machine Learning in Python
Like other week assignments Week 4 assignment also has a week and a programming assignment. All the answers and uploading files are given below.
Week 4 Quiz Answers
Question 1: Which of the following is an example of clustering?
Answer: Separate
Question 2: Which of the following are advantages to using decision trees over other models? (Select all that apply)
Answer: Trees are easy to interpret and visualize
Question3: What is the main reason that each tree of a random forest only looks at a random subset of the features when building each node?
Answer: To improve generalization by reducing correlation among the trees and making the model more robust to bias.
Question 4: Which of the following supervised machine learning methods are greatly affected by feature scaling? (Select all that apply)
Answer:
Support Vector Machines
Neural Networks
KNN
Question 5: Select which of the following statements are true.
Answer:
For a model that won’t overfit a training set, Naive Bayes would be a better choice than a decision tree.
For predicting future sales of a clothing line, Linear regression would be a better choice than a decision tree regressor.
Question 6: Match each of the prediction probabilities decision boundaries visualized below with the model that created them.
Answer:
Neural Network
KNN (k=1)
Decision Tree
Question 7: A decision tree of depth 2 is visualized below. Using the `value` attribute of each leaf, find the accuracy score for the tree of depth 2 and the accuracy score for a tree of depth 1. What is the improvement in accuracy between the model of depth 1 and the model of depth 2? (i.e. accuracy2 – accuracy1)
Answer: 0.06745
Question 8: For the autograded assignment in this module, you will create a classifier to predict whether a given blight ticket will be paid on time (See the module 4 assignment notebook for a more detailed description). Which of the following features should be removed from the training of the model to prevent data leakage? (Select all that apply)
Answer:
collection_status – Flag for payments in collections
compliance_detail – More information on why each ticket was marked compliant or non-compliant
Question 9: Which of the following might be good ways to help prevent a data leakage situation? Given the neural network below, find the correct outputs for the given values of x1 and x2.
Answer:
If time is a factor, remove any data related to the event of interest that doesn’t take place prior to the event.
Remove variables that a model in production wouldn’t have access to
Sanity check the model with an unseen validation set.
Question 10: The neurons that are shaded have an activation threshold, e.g. the neuron with >1? will be activated and output 1 if the input is greater than 1 and will output 0 otherwise.
Answer:
x1
x2
output
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
Week 4 Programming Assignment
In Week 4 Programming Assignment we have to upload a python file. You have given you the file below just download the python file and upload in the My Submission. And then click on create submission and then upload the python file. Once successfully uploaded click submit. Coursera will take around 1-2minutes to check the file and then give you 100% score.
In Week 4 Programming Assignment we have to upload a python file. You have given you the file below just download the python file and upload in the My Submission. And then click on create submission and then upload the python file. Once successfully uploaded click submit. Coursera will take around 1-2minutes to check the file and then give you 100% score.
The content of mypharmaguide.com is provided for information and educational purposes only. We are not owner of the any PDF Material/Books/Notes/Articles published in this website. No claim is made as to the accuracy or authenticity of the PDF Material/Books/Notes/Articles of the website. In no event will this site or owner be liable for the accuracy of the information contained on this website or its use. mypharmaguide.com provides freely available PDF Material/Books/Notes/Articles on the Internet or other resources like Links etc. This site does not take any responsibility and legal obligations due to illegal use and abuse of any service arises due to articles and information published on the website. No responsibility is taken for any information that may appear on any linked websites.
Bachelor of Pharmacy BPharm is a gateway to the medicine world. The popularity of this course is increasing in India as well as many other countries. BPharm gives you knowledge about some core subjects of medicine like Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry. Along with these two subjects, students get knowledge about Pharmaceutics, Human Anatomy Physiology, Pathophysiology and many other subjects. BPharm graduated students are eligible to get jobs in the Pharmaceutical Industries, Hospitals, Colleges and many other sectors as well as in IT Sectors also.
We are going to discuss about BPharm course in this post and we can 100% ensure you that all your queries related to this course going to end after you read this post completely. So let’s start.
BPharm Course Highlights
Parameters
Details
Course Name
Bachelors in Pharmacy (BPharm)
Course Duration
4 Years
Course Level
Undergraduate
Entrance Tests
JEE, WBJEE, CET, IPU CET, BVP, MHT CET
Admission Process
Entrance Exam Base and Direct Admission also possible through management quota
Eligibility criteria
Candidate must pass 10+2 exam with 50% aggregate marks in the subjects of Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics/Biology and English from a recognized board
Fees
Usually ₹10000 to ₹600000. Depends on different colleges
Average Salary
INR 2,00,000- INR 9,00,000
Job Positions
Researcher, Professor, Biomedical Scientist, Clinical Research Associate, Pharmacologist, Medicinal Chemist, Clinical Scientist, Hospitals and Clinics (Government and Private), State-wise Drugs and Pharmaceutical Boards, Medical Shop Chains like Apollo Pharmacy, and many more.
Jamia Hamdard, Panjab University, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Mohali, Institute of Chemical Technology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad
Government Jobs
Hospital Pharmacists, Drug Inspector, Professor in Government Colleges, Railway Pharmacist, Pharmacist in Indian Army
Admission Process and Entrance Tests
There are two different admission process to take Admission in BPharm course in different colleges of India one is by cracking the Entrance Exam organised by the University, College or by the State Government and another way is to take direct admission through Management Quota. There are many demerits of taking admission through Management Quota that’s why students always try to get admission through Entrance Examination.
Complete Admission Process
Well prepare for JEE. JEE rank is accepted almost all colleges of India. If you did not appeared in JEE then you can sit entrance examinations that are organised by different Universities and State Government.
Get details about the college and university you are willing to get admission. Get details about like Admission Process, Course Fees and Placement Details.
Once you qualified the entrance exams or get a college for admission visit the college for next steps.
The List of colleges provided here is according to the NIRF Ranking that is provided by the Government of India.
College Name
Address
Annual Fees
Entrance Test
Jamia Hamdard
New Delhi
INR 2,80,000
NEET/JEE Main
Panjab University
Chandigarh
INR 23,000
P.U. CET
Birla Institute of Technology & Science -Pilani
Pilani, Rajasthan
INR 3,00,000
BITSAT
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Mohali
Mohali, Punjab
INR 90,500
GPAT
Institute of Chemical Technology
Mumbai, Maharashtra
INR 3,24,000
MHT-CET
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad
Hyderabad, Telangana
INR 90,500
GPAT
JSS College of Pharmacy
Ooty, Tamil Nadu
INR 1,60,000
JSSCOP
Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal
Udupi, Karnataka
INR 313,000
JSS College of Pharmacy
Mysore, Karnataka
INR 1,60,000
JSSCOP
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad
Gandhinagar, Gujarat
INR 90,500
B.Pharm Brief Syllabus
B.Pharm is a four-year undergraduate course. Every year is divided into two different semesters. The syllabus of all 8 semesters are given below:
Semester I
Semester II
Human Anatomy and Physiology
Human Anatomy and Physiology-II
Communication Skills
Pathophysiology
Pharmaceutics
Biochemistry
Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry
Computer Applications in Pharmacy
Remedial Biology/ Mathematics
Environmental Science
Semester III
Semester IV
Pharmaceutical Engineering
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-IV
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-III
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-I
Microbiology
Physical Pharmacy-II
Physical Pharmacy
Pharmacology
–
Medicinal Chemistry
Semester V
Semester VI
Medicinal Chemistry-II
Medicinal Chemistry-III
Industrial Pharmacy-I
Pharmacology-III
Pharmacology-II
Herbal Drug Technology
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-II
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence
Quality Assurance
Semester VII
Semester VIII
Instrumental Method of Analysis
Biostatistics and Research Methodology
Industrial Pharmacy-II
Social and Preventive Pharmacy
Pharmacy Practice
Pharma Marketing Management
Novel Drug Delivery System
Pharmaceutical Regulatory Sciences
–
Pharmacovigilance
–
Computer-Aided Drug Design
–
Cosmetic Science
Career Opportunities after BPharm
Career Opportunities after BPharm
Job Position
Job Description
Average Annual Salary
Professor
The job responsibility includes teaching in colleges/universities by various methodologies.
INR 15,00,000
Biomedical Scientist
It includes handling various biological samples, diseases, cell and tissue functioning with high computer-aided equipment.
INR 4,00,000
Clinical Researcher
It deals with the study of various illnesses and analysis of health. It involves scientific analysis of preventing, diagnosing and treating illnesses.
INR 3,00,000
Pharmacologist
It includes the expert study and analysis of drug mechanisms and actions in the body.
INR 4,00,000
Medicinal Chemist
Medicinal Chemists prepare and select appropriate compounds for the evaluation of biological and other compounds present.
INR 5,00,000
Pharmaceutical Operator
Pharmaceutical Operators produce pharmaceutical components and products by setting up, operating, cleaning, and maintaining equipment, following aseptic procedures.
INR 1,80,000
Pharmaceutical Sales Representative
Pharmacy Sales Reps act as the key link between an organization and healthcare professionals, aiming at meeting sales targets. Their task is to increase the visibility and awareness of an organization’s pharmaceutical and medical products and maximize sales growth
INR 4,00,000
Healthcare Specialist
Health Insurance Specialists carry out many different responsibilities, including reviewing patient records and using medical coding procedures. They examine medical claims and verify insurance eligibility, and record any medical charges and other payments or adjustments.
INR 4,67,000
Frequently Asked Questions About BPharm Course
How Many Years Take to complete BPharm course?
B.Pharm is a four-year undergraduate-level course. So it takes four years to complete BPharm
What is BPharm?
BPharm, Bachelor of Pharmacy or BPharmacy is a four-year undergraduate level course in the field of Pharmacy. It is mandatory that anyone who wants to become a pharmacist in the future completes this course to gain a thorough understanding of medicine science.
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) every year approved new drugs and publish the list of new drugs approved in the year. Every year new types of drugs get approved by the CDSCO to help win against different new diseases. We have shared the list of drugs that are approved this year till date.
List of new drugs approved in the year 2021
Avanafil
Name of the drug: Avanafil bulk and Avanafil tablets 50mg/100mg/200mg
Issue Date: 26.02.2021
Indication: Avanafil has been approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Omidenepag isopropyl
Name of the drug: Omidenepag isopropyl ophthalmic solution 0.002% w/v
Issue Date: 12.03.2021
Indication: Omidenepag isopropyl ophthalmic solution has been approved for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
Ozenoxacin
Name of the drug: Ozenoxacin bulk and Ozenoxacin cream 1% w/w
Issue Date: 15.04.2021
Indication: Ozenoxacin has been approved for the treatment of impetigo due to staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus pyrogenes in adult and pediatric patients 2 months of age and older.
2-Deoxy-D-Glucose
Name of the drug: 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose bulk and 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose 2.34g & 5.85g sachet
Issue Date: 01.05.2021
Indication: 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose has been approved by the CDSCO for the treatment of adjunct therapy only in moderate to severe Covid-19 patients.
Capmatinib
Name of the drug: Capmatinib 150mg and 200mg film-coated tablets
Issue Date: 12.05.2021
Indication: Capmatinib is one type of kinase inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumours have a mutation that leads to mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) exon 14 skipping.
Rucaparib camsylate
Name of the drugs: Rucaparib camsylate bulk and Rucaparib tablets 200mg/300mg
Issue Date: 12.05.2021
Indication:
For the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, the fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy.
For the treatment of adult patients with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic)- associated epithelial the ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies. Select patients for therapy based on an FDAapproved companion diagnostic for RUBRACA
For the treatment of adult patients with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic) associated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have been treated with androgen receptor-directed therapy and taxane-based chemotherapy.
Trientine Tetrahydrochloride
Name of the drug: Trientine Tetrahydrochloride bulk and Trientine Tetrahydrochloride capsules 333 mg (Each capsule contains Trientine tetrahydrochloride 333mg equivalent to Trientine 167mg base)
Issue Date: 08.06.2021
Indication: This drug has been approved for the treatment of Wilson’s disease
Rucaparib
Name of the Drug: Rucaparib tablets 250mg
Issue Date: 18.06.2021
Indication:
For the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy
For the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, the fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy
For the treatment of adult patients with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic) associated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have been treated with androgen receptor-directed therapy and a taxane-based chemotherapy
Vigabatrin
Name of the Drug: Vigabatrin bulk and Vigabatrin powder for oral solution 500mg
Issue Date: 18.06.2021
Indication:
Refractory Complex Partial Seizures as adjunctive therapy in patients 2 years of age and older who have responded inadequately to several alternatives treatments; Vigabatrin for Oral Solution, USP, 500 mg is not indicated as a first-line agent.
Infantile Spasms – monotherapy in infants 1 month to 2 years of age for whom
Cangrelor tetra sodium
Name of the Drug: Cangrelor tetrasodium bulk and Cangrelor for injection 50mg/vial
Issue Date: 21.06.2021
Indication: Indicated as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to reduce the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI), repeat coronary revascularization, and stent thrombosis (ST) in patients who have not been treated with a P2Y12 platelet inhibitor and are not being given a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor
Rifapentine
Name of the Drug: Rifapentine bulk and FDC of Isoniazid and Rifapentine (300mg/300mg)
Issue Date: 28.06.2021
Indication: Indicated for the treatment of latent tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (For use in NTEP only)
Lemborexant
Issue Date: 01.07.2021
Indication: Used in the Treatment for insomnia
Cetilistat
Name of the Drug: Cetilistat bulk and Cetilistat 120 mg tablets
Issue Date: 09.07.2021
Indication: For the treatment of Obesity (limited to patients with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia, and with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 in spite of dietary treatment and /or exercise therapy)
Benzonatate
Name of the Drug: Benzonatate bulk and Benzonatate capsules 100mg
Issue Date: 15.07.2021
Indication: Used For the treatment of refractory cough
Cariprazine Hydrochloride
Name of the Drug: Cariprazine hydrochloride bulk and Cariprazine capsules 1.5mg/3mg/4.5mg and 6mg
Issue Date: 16.07.2021
Indication: For the treatment of Schizophrenia in adults. Acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adult
Gadoteridol
Name of the Drug: Gadoteridol 279.3 mg/ml for injection
Issue Date: 29.07.2021
Indication: For intravenous use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adults and pediatric patients over 2 years of age for whole-body MRI including the head, neck, liver, breast, musculoskeletal system and soft tissue pathologies.
Darolutamide
Name of the Drug: Darolutamide 300mg film-coated tablets
Issue Date: 13.08.2021
Indication: For the treatment of patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC)
Tetracosactide BP
Name of the Drug: Tetracosactide BP bulk and Tetracosactide injection BP 250 mcg/ml
Issue Date: 13.08.2021
Indication: Diagnostic test for the investigation of adrenocortical insufficiency
Cabozantinib (S) – Maleate
Name of the Drug: Cabozantinib (S) – Maleate bulk and Cabozantinib tablets 20mg, 40mg and 60mg
Issue Date: 10.09.2021
Indication:
For the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
For the treatment of patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib.
Tipiracil hydrochloride
Name of the Drug: Tipiracil hydrochloride bulk and FDC of 1) Trifluridine 15mg + Tipiracil 6.14mg and 2) Trifluridine 20mg + Tipiracil 8.19mg
Issue Date: 16.09.2021
Indication:
Adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who have been previously treated with fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin and irinotecan-based chemotherapy, an anti-VEGF biological therapy, and if RAS wild type, an anti-EGFR therapy
Adult patients with metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma previously treated with at least two prior lines of chemotherapy that included a fluoropyrimidine, a block of platinum, either a taxane or irinotecan and if appropriate, HER2/ neu-targeted therapy.
Selumetinib
Name of the Drug: Selumetinib 10mg & 25mg capsule
Issue Date: 17.09.2021
Indication: Indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients 3 years of age and older with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and who have symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas (PN)
Biapenem
Name of the Drug: Biapenem sterile bulk and Biapenem for injection 300mg
Issue Date: 17.09.2021
Indication: Complicated urinary tract infections
Source of the Information: The information provided here is collected from the official website of CDSCO, Government of India. Click here to visit the source file.
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The content of mypharmaguide.com is provided for information and educational purposes only. We are not the owner of any PDF Material/Books/Notes/Articles published on this website. No claim is made as to the accuracy or authenticity of the PDF Material/Books/Notes/Articles of the website. In no event will this site or owner be liable for the accuracy of the information contained on this website or its use. mypharmaguide.com provides freely available PDF Material/Books/Notes/Articles on the Internet or other resources like Links etc. This site does not take any responsibility and legal obligations due to the illegal use and abuse of any information published on the website. No responsibility is taken for any information that may appear on any linked websites.
Hello Everyone In this post we are going to share the PCI Approved List of Pharmacy Books for BPharmacy and D.Pharmacy students. PCI means Pharmacy Council of India regulates the Pharmacy education (D.Pharm, B.Pharm, Mpharm, Pharm D) in India. So it is important for us to follow the book list that is given by the Pharmacy Council of India. This post is going to be very much helpful for all of you. In this post, we are going to share the book list for D pharmacy 1st and 2nd Year and BPharmacy 1st Semester, 2nd Semester,3rd Semester, 4th Semester,5th Semester, 6th Semester, 7th Semester and 8th Semester. If you need any of these books you can join our telegram channel and send a request for the books. We will provide them in the Telegram Channel.
PCI Approved List of Pharmacy Books
List of Pharmacy Books for D.Pharmacy Students
D.Pharm or D.Pharmacy is a two-year Diploma course in the field of Pharmacy. PCI recently published a revised syllabus and book list for the D.Pharm course. A list of Books is available below in a subject-wise manner.
Pharmaceutics Book List
Pharmaceutics is of the important subjects in Pharmacy education. Pharmaceutics give us knowledge about the art and science of formulating and dispensing different dosage forms.
List of PCI Approved Pharmaceutics Books Given Below:
History of Pharmacy in India by Dr. Harikishan Singh
Indian Pharmacopoeia, Govt. of India Publication
A Text book of Pharmaceuticals Formulation by B.M. Mithal, Vallabh Prakashan
Bentleys’ Text book of Pharmaceutics, 8th Edition, editor E.A. Rawlins, published by Elsevier Int.
The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. Leon Lachman, Herbert Lieberman and Joseph Kanig, Editors, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. Latest edition Verghese Publishing House
Pharmaceutical Chemistry gives us knowledge about the chemistry of drugs and pharmaceuticals. This subject gives us knowledge about the different chemical structures, storage conditions of different drug molecules, medicinal uses of different organic and inorganic chemicals and quality control aspects of pharmaceuticals.
List of PCI Approved Pharmaceutical Chemistry Books Given Below:
Medicinal & Pharmaceutical chemistry by Harikishan Singh and VK Kapoor
Wilson and Gisvold’s Text book of Organic Medicinal and pharmaceutical Chemistry
Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders
Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Volume- I & II by Beckett and J. B. Stanlake
Vogel’s text book of Practical Organic Chemistry
Pharmacognosy Book List
Pharmacognosy gives us knowledge about the medicinal uses of drugs from natural resources. We also learn about the evaluation of crude drugs, alternative systems of medicine nutraceuticals and herbal cosmetics.
Text book of Pharmacognosy by C. K. Kokate, S. B. Gokhale, A.P. Purohith, Nirali Prakashan
Text book of Pharmacognosy by C.S. Shah and J. S. Quadry, CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd
Text Book of Pharmacognosy by T. E. Wallis. CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd.
Study of crude drugs by M. A. Iyengar, Manipal Press Ltd, Manipal
Powder crude drugs by M. A. Iyengar, Manipal Press Ltd, Manipal
Anatomy of crude drugs by M. A. Iyengar, Manipal Press Ltd, Manipal
Human Anatomy and Physiology Book List
Human Anatomy and Physiology helps us to learn basic knowledge about the structure and function of the human body.
Human Physiology by C. C. Chatterjee
Human Anatomy and Physiology by S. Chaudhary and A. Chaudhary
Derasari and Gandhi’s elements of Human Anatomy, Physiology and Health Education
S.R. Kale and R.R. Kale, Textbook of Practical Anatomy and Physiology
Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and illness
Human Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Gerard J
Fundamentals of medical Physiology by K.Sambulingam and Prana Sambulingam
Ranade V.G. Text book of Practical Physiology
Goyal R.K., Natvar M.P. and Shah S.A., Practical Anatomy, Physiology and biochemistry,
Experimental Physiology
Social Pharmacy Book List
Social Pharmacy – Innovation and development edt. Geoff Harding, Sarah Nettleton and Kevin taylor. The Pharmaceutical Press.
Text Book of Community Pharmacy Practice. RPSGB Publication
Community Pharmacy Handbook- Jonathan Waterfield
S.Khurana, P Suresh and R Kalsi. Health Education & Community Pharmacy. S Vikas & Co
Social Pharmacy: Tayler,Geoffery. Pharmaceutical Press. London.
Pharmacology Book List
Satoskar, R.S. and Bhandarkar, S.D. Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics
B. Suresh, A Text Book of Pharmacology
Derasari and Ghandhi, Elements of Pharmacology
S.K.Kulkarni ,Practical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy
Ex- pharm 1.00 soft ware
H.K.Sharma. Principles of Pharmacology
Mary J.Mycek, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Lippincott’s illustrated Reviews:Pharmacology
Tripathi, K.D. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology.
Community Pharmacy and Management Book List
Health Education and Community Pharmacy by N.S.Parmar.
Drug store & Business management by Mohammed Ali & Jyoti
Handbook of pharmacy – health care. Edt. Robin J Harman. The Pharmaceutical Press
Comprehensive Pharmacy Review – Edt. Leon Shargel. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Good Pharmacy Practices Training Manual by IPA/CDSCO/WHO India
Training Module for Community Pharmacists in TB Care and Control/ by MoH/IPA
Hand Book of PharmaSoS, Drugs in Special population- Pregnancy and Lactation, Tobacco free future- Choice is yours: KSPC Publications.
Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology Book List
Essentials of Biochemistry by U. Satyanarayan, Books and Allied (P) Ltd.
A Textbook of Biochemistry by A.V.S.S. Rama Rao, UBS Publishers’ Distributors Pvt. Ltd.
Practical Biochemistry by R.C. Gupta and S. Bhargavan.
Laboratory manual of Biochemistry by Pattabiraman and Sitaram Acharya
Pharmacotherapeutics Book List
Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics – Roger and Walker, Churchill Livingstone publication
Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics – Eric T. Herfindal, Williams and Wilkins Publication
Applied Therapeutics: The clinical Use of Drugs. Lloyd Young and Koda-Kimble MA
Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy Book List
A text book of Clinical Pharmacy Practice; Essential concepts and skills, Dr.G.Parthasarathi et al, Orient Orient Langram Pvt.Ltd. ISSBN8125026
Text Book of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy by Dr Pratibha Nand and Dr Roop K Khar, Birla publications, New Delhi
Gupta B.K and Gupta R.N., GPP in Hospital Pharmacy, Vallabh Prakashan
Gennaro et al., Ed. “Remington: The Science & Practice of Pharmacy,” 20th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000
The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. Leon Lachman, Herbert Lieberman, and Joseph Kanig, editors. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia
Australian drug information – Procedure manual. The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia.
Pharmacy Law and Ethics Book List
Forensic Pharmacy by B. Suresh
Text book of Forensic Pharmacy by B.M. Mithal
Hand book of drug law-by M.L. Mehra
A text book of Forensic Pharmacy by N.K. Jain
Drugs and Cosmetics Act/Rules by Govt. of India publications.
Medicinal and Toilet preparations act 1955 by Govt. of India publications
Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances act by Govt. of India publications
Drugs and Magic Remedies act by Govt. of India publications.
List of Pharmacy Books for B.Pharmacy Students
BPharm or BPharmacy is an undergraduate-level course in the Pharmacy field. B pharmacy is a four-year course and every year is divided into two different semesters. so there are 8 semesters in BPharm. Pharmacy Council of India already provided a Syllabus along with recommended books. We have shared the list of books here.
Human Anatomy and Physiology Book List
Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypee Brothers medical publishers, New Delhi
Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill Livingstone, New York
Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI USA
Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton andJohn.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi
Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi
Pharmaceutical Analysis Book List
A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stenlake’s, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone Press of University of London
A.I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis
P. Gundu Rao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Bentley and Driver’s Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
John H. Kennedy, Analytical chemistry principles
Pharmaceutics Book List
H.C. Ansel et al., Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Drug Delivery System, Lippincott Williams and Walkins, New Delhi
Carter S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s-Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, CBS publishers, New Delhi
M.E. Aulton, Pharmaceutics, The Science& Dosage Form Design, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
Lachmann. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Lea& Febiger Publisher, The University of Michigan.
Alfonso R. Gennaro Remington. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott Williams, New Delhi
Carter S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s. Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publications, New Delhi.
Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Book List
A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stenlake’s, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone Press of University of London, 4
P. Gundu Rao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 3rd Edition
Stanbury F., P., Whitakar A., and Hall J., S., Principles of fermentation technology, 2nd edition, Aditya books Ltd., New Delh
Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Book List
Quality Assurance Guide by organization of Pharmaceutical Products of India
Good Laboratory Practice Regulations, 2 nd Edition, Sandy Weinberg Vol.
A guide to Total Quality Management- Kushik Maitra and Sedhan K Ghosh
Instrumental Method of Analysis Book List
Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis by B.K Sharma
Organic spectroscopy by Y.R Sharma
Text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis by Kenneth A. Connors
Organic spectroscopy by William Kemp
Quantitative Analysis of Drugs by D. C. Garrett
Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations by P. D. Sethi
Pharmacy Practice Book List
Merchant S.H. and Dr. J.S.Quadry. A textbook of hospital pharmacy, 4th ed.Ahmadabad: B.S. Shah Prakakshan; 2001
Parthasarathi G, Karin Nyfort-Hansen, Milap C Nahata. A textbook of Clinical Pharmacy Practice- essential concepts and skills, 1st ed. Chennai: Orient Longman Private Limited; 2004
William E. Hassan. Hospital pharmacy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1986.
Tipnis Bajaj. Hospital Pharmacy, 1st ed. Maharashtra: Career Publications; 2008.
Scott LT. Basic skills in interpreting laboratory data, 4thed. American Society of Health System Pharmacists Inc; 2009.
Parmar N.S. Health Education and Community Pharmacy, 18th ed. India: CBS Publishers & Distributers; 2008
Novel Drug Delivery System Book List
N.K. Jain, Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, First edition 1997 (reprint in 2001)
S.P. Vyas and R.K. Khar, Controlled Drug Delivery -concepts and advances, Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi, First edition 2002
Robinson, J. R., Lee V. H. L, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1992.
Y W. Chien, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, 2nd edition, revised and expanded, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1992
Encyclopedia of Controlled Delivery. Edith Mathiowitz, Published by Wiley Interscience Publication, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York. Chichester/Weinheim
Biostatistics and Research Methodology Book List
Pharmaceutical statistics- Practical and clinical applications, Sanford Bolton, publisher Marcel Dekker Inc. NewYork
Fundamental of Statistics – Himalaya Publishing House- S.C.Guptha
Design and Analysis of Experiments –PHI Learning Private Limited, R. Pannerselvam
Design and Analysis of Experiments – Wiley Students Edition, Douglas and C. Montgomery
Conclusion
All the book names and details shared in this post are shared by the Pharmacy Council of India. We are also providing the D.Pharm Notes and B.Pharm Notes for free. You can download and read them also. If you like the post ”PCI Recommended List of Pharmacy Books” kindly share it and support us. For university question papers download our android app.
Answers to the Most Frequently Asked Questions About BPharm course. B.Pharm course reaching its popularity day by day. With popularities number of questions regarding the course is also increasing to counter the confusion many students have In their minds. In this post, we are going to answer the most frequent questions that people asked about the B.Pharm course.
Most Frequently Asked Questions About BPharm
What is B Pharmacy?
Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharma), a four-year undergraduate program, teaches students how drugs are prepared and dispensing drugs. It is mandatory that anyone who wants to become a pharmacist in the future completes this course to gain a thorough understanding of medicine science. The course is four years long and can be divided into six to eight semesters depending on the practical sessions and coursework. B.Pharma provides useful knowledge in biochemical science and healthcare. During their coursework, students must perform various experiments and practicals. Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) is the regulatory body for this program. It is responsible for setting all rules and regulations for the B.Pharma degree. After graduation, the course allows candidates to become a pharmacist. The B.Pharmacy degree is very versatile and will grow in popularity over the next few years because of the high demand for healthcare professionals who are able to prepare drugs that can fight a variety of diseases and deficiencies.
How much marks required for B Pharmacy?
The eligibility criteria to get admission in B.Pharm course are
Candidate must have passed the 10+2 examination.
Candidate must have English as one of the subjects in 10+2 and Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics (P.C.M) and or Biology (P.C.B / P.C.M.B.) as optional subjects individually.
Candidate must secure 50% aggregate marks in the subjects of Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics/Biology and English
What we are going to learn in 1st year B Pharmacy?
In B.Pharm First Year there are two semesters. In B.Pharm 1st Semester you are going to learn subjects like:
Human Anatomy and Physiology I– Theory
Pharmaceutical AnalysisI – Theory
Pharmaceutics I – Theory
Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry – Theory
Communication skills – Theory
Remedial Biology/ Mathematics – Theory
Human Anatomy and Physiology – Practical
Pharmaceutical AnalysisI – Practical
Pharmaceutics I – Practical
Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry – Practical
Communication skills – Practical
Remedial Biology – Practical
In B.Pharm 2nd semester you learn about the subjects that are given below
Human Anatomy and Physiology II – Theory
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I – Theory
Biochemistry – Theory
Pathophysiology – Theory
Computer Applications in Pharmacy – Theory
Environmental sciences – Theory
Human Anatomy and Physiology II –Practical
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I– Practical
Biochemistry – Practical
Computer Applications in Pharmacy – Practical
How many subjects in B Pharmacy?
B.Pharmacy is a four-year course. Every year is divided into two different semesters. There are 35 theory subjects in the whole course excluding 15 Practical subjects and 5 remedial or Non-University Examination subjects. So there are a total of 55 different subjects.
35 theory subjects of B.Pharm are
Human Anatomy and Physiology
Pharmaceutical Analysis
Pharmaceutics
Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry
Biochemistry
Pathophysiology
Physical Pharmaceutics
Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Pharmaceutical Engineering
Medicinal Chemistry
Pharmacology
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
Industrial Pharmacy
Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence
Herbal Drug Technology
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Quality Assurance
Instrumental Methods of Analysis
Pharmacy Practice
Novel Drug Delivery System
Instrumental Methods of Analysis
Biostatistics and Research Methodology
Social and Preventive Pharmacy
Pharma Marketing Management
Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science
Pharmacovigilance
Quality Control and Standardization of Herbals
Computer Aided Drug Design
Cell and Molecular Biology
Cosmetic Science
Experimental Pharmacology
Advanced Instrumentation Techniques
Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals
15 practical subjects of B.Pharm are
Human Anatomy and Physiology
Pharmaceutical Analysis
Pharmaceutics
Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry
Biochemistry
Physical Pharmaceutics
Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Pharmaceutical Engineering
Medicinal Chemistry
Pharmacology
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
Industrial Pharmacy
Herbal Drug Technology
Instrumental Methods of Analysis
And other subjects are
Communication skills – Theory
Communication skills – Practical
Remedial Biology/ Remedial Mathematics – Theory
Remedial Biology – Practical
Computer Applications in Pharmacy – Theory
Computer Applications in Pharmacy – Practical
Environmental sciences – Theory
Practice School
How many years take to complete B Pharmacy?
B Pharmacy is a four-year undergraduate-level course. So it takes 4 years to complete the course.
Can mathematics negative marks apply for B Pharma ranking in Wbjee?
Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry are the three subjects you have to give examinations in WBJEE to be eligible for counselling in Pharmacy. If you have negative marks in Mathematics this is going to affect your WBJEE Pharmacy Merit Rank.
Can I get B Pharm course after Cracking Jenpauh?
WBJEE JENPAUH is the entrance examination for Nursing and Paramedical & Allied Sciences and WBJEE is the entrance examination for Engineering and Pharmacy. Both examinations are not the same. So a JENPAUH candidate is not eligible for admission in B.Pharm.
