Pharmaceutical Analysis Question Bank of Important Questions for B.Pharm 1st Year 1st-semester Students. These questions are most important from a semester exam perspective. So every student should study these important questions very carefully.

Pharmaceutical Analysis Question Bank

1. Define Pharmaceutical Analysis and discuss about the scope of Pharmaceutical Analysis.
2. Write the types of various techniques involved in Pharmaceutical Analysis. Explain them in brief.
3. What do you mean by Instrumental Method of Analysis? List various types of instrumental method on analysis with physical properties involved.
4. Define the term normality, molar and molal concentration.
5. Explain the term equivalent weight and discuss the methods to calculate.
6. What do you mean by volumetric analysis. Classify them with proper example.
7. Discuss primary standard and secondery standard with examples.
8. How will you prepare and standarize N/10 NaOH solution.
9. Write about the preparation and standearization of 0.1N sodium thiosulphate.

Errors in Pharmaceutical Analysis

1. What are error in Analysis? Classify different types of errors and explain the sources of errors.
2. Explain different sources of errors. Discuss about the methods to minimize errors.
3. What do you understand by the phrase significant figures?
4. Explain the terms accuracy and precision.

Sources of Impurities in Medicinal Agents

1. What do you mean by impurities. Discuss about different sources of impurities.
2. What do you understand by the word limit test? Discuss about the limit test of sulphates.
3. Explains the process of limit test in details.

Acid Base Titration

1. What do you mean by neutralization titration and explain the theories of acids and bases.
2. Explain the law of mass action.
3. What is pH? Explain in details.
4. Explain the term strong acid, weak acid, strong base and weak base.
5. What do you mean by buffer solutions. How will you prepare buffer solutions. Give Example.
6. What do you mean by indicator in titration.Explain the theories of Indicators.
7. Clasiffy acid base titrations and explain each type with examples.

Non Aqueous Titration

1. Explain estimation of sodium benoate.
2. Write the estimation of Ephedrine HCl.
3. What do you mean by non aquous titration.
4. Write a note on solvents used in non aquous titraions.

Precipitation Titrations

1. Write the theories involved in the precipitation titration.
2. Discuss the concept of solubility product and its calculations.
3. How will you prepare and standardize 0.1M silver nitrate solution.
4. Discuss in details about Volhard’s method of titrations.
5. Explains the Fajan’s method of titration.
6. How NaCl is estimated using precipated titration.

Complexometric Titration

1. Explain the types of complexometry titrations.
2. Discuss about the metal ion indicators.
3. Write a note on masking and demasking agents.
4. Explain the estimation of calcium gluconate.
5. Define compexometric titrations and explains each type with suitable examples.
6. What are metal ion indicators. Write a short note about them. What are the important features of metal ions.
7. How will you estimate calcium gluconate using titrimetry?

Gravimetry

1. Define Gravimetry and What are are the principles of Gravimetry.
2. Write the steps involved in gravimetry analysis in details.
3. Discuss in details co precipitating agents.
4. Write the method of estimation of barium chloride by gravimetry.

Diazotization Titration

1. Write the principles involed in Diazotization Titration.
2. What are the conditiond influencing diazotization reaction.
3. Discuss the principle, experimental proccedure and its application of diazotization reactions.

Redox Titrations

1. Define redox titration and explain the concept of oxidation and reduction.
2. What do you mean by half reaction.
3. Explain the term redox potential in details.
4. Write the method of oxidation reduction reactions.
5. Explains the method involved for the detection of endpoint in redox titration.
6. Define equivalent weight and explain the methods for calculations of equivalent weight.
7. Discuss the types of redox titrations with suitable examples.
8. Discuss bromometry.
9. Disccuss Iodometry and Iodimetry.
10. Explain ceriometry.

Conductometry

1. Define the term specific conductance and equivalent conductance.
2. Write the principle of conductometry?
3. What do you mean by molar conductance?
4. Write a detailed note on various types of conductivity cells.
5. Explain the principles and different types of conductometry titrations.
6. Write the application of conductometry.

Potentiometry

1. Write the principles of potentiometry.
2. What are refernce electrodes? Discuss the working and and construction of any two reference electrodes.
3. What are indicator electrodes.
4. Discuss the construction, working, advantage, disadvantages of normal hydrogen electrode.
5. Write a note on potentiometry titration.
6. Whats is grants plot? Explain.
7. What do you mean by dead stop end point method.
8. Write a note on ion selective electrodes.

Polarography 

1. What is Polarography? Explain the theories involved in Polarography.
2. Write the ilkovic equation and discuss about the factors affecting Ilkovic Equation.
3. Discuss the construction, working and application of Polarographic equipment.
4. What are maxima supprssor. Give a example of Maxima Suppressor.
5. Write a note on quantitiative polarographic method.
6. Explain half wave potential in Polarography.

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Hospital and its organization

1. Define Hospital and Classify Hospitals.
2. Classify Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Hospitals and write in detail about it.
3. Classify Clinical and Non-clinical hospitals and describe in detail about it.
4. Describe in detail regarding the various services offered by the hospitals.
5. Describe in detail regarding Front end services, Supportive Services and Auxillary services provided / offered by the hospitals.
6. Explain the organizational structure of hospital
7. Write about the medical staff involved in the hospital and its functions
8. Write about the scope and responsibilities of hospital pharmacist
9. Give the flowchart of organizational structure of small and large hospital and explain in detail regarding the small hospitals and large hospitals.
10. Explain regarding the types of medical staff
11. Give the flowchart regarding Summary of the hospital services.

Hospital pharmacy and its organization

1. Define hospital pharmacist. Write in detail about the Role and Responsibilities of Hospital Pharmacist.
2. Write about the scope of hospital pharmacist
3. Write about the objectives of hospital pharmacy
4. Write about functions of hospital pharmacy
5. Write about Functions of Hospital Pharmacist
6. Write about the location and give layout of Hospital Pharmacy
7. Write in detail staff requirements of hospital pharmacist and their qualification

Adverse drug reaction

1. Define adverse drug reactions.
2. Classify various types of ADR
3. Write in detail about Idiosyncrasy and Allergic type of drug reactions
4. Define Drug Interaction and classify various types of drug interaction. Explain in detail Pharmacokinetic type of drug interaction
5. Explain in detail regarding Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic type of drug interactions with examples.
6. Define Beneficial type of drug interactions
7. Write about the mechanisms of drug-interactions
8. Explain in detail regarding the method of detecting drug interactions
9. Write a SN on Pharmacovigilance
10. Explain in detail regarding the spontaneous case reports and record linkage studies.
11. Explain in detail regarding Adverse drug reaction reporting and management

Community Pharmacy

1. Explain in detail regarding organization and structure of wholesale and retail drug store
2. Write about the types and design of Drug Store
3. Write or Explain in detail regarding the legal requirement for establishment and maintenance of a drug store
4. Explain how dispensing of proprietary products is done
5. Write in detail regarding the maintenance of records in retail and wholesale drug store

Unit 2

1. Explain types of drug distribution system in detail.
2. Explain dispensing of drug to inpatient and ambulatory patients.
3. Brief note: Dispensing of controlled drugs.
4. Define and write content of Hospital formulary.
5. Explain preparation and revision, and addition and deletion of drug from hospital formulary.
6. Explain in Detail: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
7. Write factors to be considered for TDM, include goals and objectives of TDM.
8. Write note on Indian scenario of TDM.
9. Explain Medication adherence in brief.
10. Explain various methods of monitoring of medication adherence.
11. Write causes of medication non-adherence and pharmacist role in the medication adherence.
12. Explain review of patient medication history.
13. Detail Note: Community pharmacy management. (Include: Financial, materials, staff, and infrastructure requirements).
14. Describe organization and function of Pharmacy & Therapeutic Committee.
15. Write a short note on Sources of Drug Information.
16. Write a detailed note on Patient Counselling.
17. Explain the different steps involved in Patient Counselling.
18. Describe the role of pharmacist in the education and training program.
19. Explain Drug & Poison Information Centre.
20. What is Formulary? Write components of emergency drug list preparation.
21. Write a short note on Prescribed Medication Order.
22. Write about communication skills required for pharmacist with prescriber and patients.
23. Write a short note on role of pharmacist in interdepartmental communication and community health education.

Pharmacy & Therapeutic Committee

1. Describe organization and function of Pharmacy & Therapeutic Committee.
2. Write a short note on Sources of Drug Information.
3. Write a detailed note on Patient Counselling.
4. Explain the different steps involved in Patient Counselling.
5. Describe the role of pharmacist in the education and training program.
6. Explain Drug & Poison Information Centre.
7. What is Formulary? Write components of emergency drug list preparation.
8. Write a short note on Prescribed Medication Order.
9. Write about communication skills required for pharmacist with prescriber and patients.
10. Write a short note on role of pharmacist in interdepartmental communication and community health education.

Unit 4

1. Explain in detail: Budget preparation and implementation for hospital pharmacy and community pharmacy.
2. Enlist functions and responsibilities of clinical pharmacist.
3. Detail Note on Drug therapy monitoring.
4. Explain role of clinical pharmacist during ward round, medication chart review, clinical Review.
5. Explain importance of medication history and Pharmaceutical care.
6. Explain dosing pattern and drug therapy based on pharmacokinetic and disease pettern.
7. Write detail note on Over the Counter drugs (OTC).
8. Explain rational use of OTC.

Drug store management and inventory control

1. Write in detail regarding the organization of drug store
2. Write about the types of material stocked and storage conditions
3. Explain about the various methods of inventory control
4. Explain the inventory control and its importance
5. Explain in detail regarding the methods used for the analysis of drug expenditure
6. Write about the role of Pharmacist in drug procurement
7. Explain in detail regarding the purchase procedure in a large hospital
8. What are the various guidelines for establishing the inventory control system

Investigational use of drugs

1. Write about Description, principles involved in investigational use of drugs
2. Write about the classification, control, identification in investigational use of drugs.
3. Write about the role of hospital pharmacist in advisory committee.
4. SN of Advisory Committee

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Tests

1. Enlist the various tests used to for urine analysis.
2. Which are tests used for blood tests?

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B.Pharm and D.Pharm Pharmaceutics Important Questions for Semester Exams, University Exams.

Introduction to Dosage Form

• Define the term “Unit Dosage Form”
• Why drugs are not given in their original pure state?
• Give some examples of Solid Dosage Form.
• What do you know about “Dusting Powder”?
• What are the main ingredients of dentifrices?
• Why pills are outdated preparations?
• Why is it necessary to use sterilized talc and kaolin in preparing of dusting powder?
• Give five examples of Monophasic Liquid Dosage Form.
• Why glycerin is used as a base in throat paint?
• Give a list of preparations that falls under biphasic liquid dosage form.
• Name the emulsifying agents used in the preparation of o/w and w/o emulsion.
• Why are additives needed in preparations of different dosage form.
• Why is emulsifying agent required in preparing in different dosage form?
• Name some of the modern dosage forms.
• Write the importance of Dosage Form?
• Name the preparations cover under bulk powders meant for external use?
• Write in brief about Dusting Powders?
• Describe briefly about the solid dosage forms.
• How are effervescent granules prepared?
• Define Syrup and Why syrup is preferred?
• How will you distinguish o/w emulsion and w/o emulsion.
• What precaution should be taken while using Eye drops.
• What are the qualities of an ideal suspension?
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of pills?
• Mention the qualities of an ideal ointment base.
• Give importance of erythrocytes in new drug delivery system.
• Write the application of liposomal drugs?
• Define Pro drugs and what are the application of Pro drugs.
• Why is soft paraffin not used in ophthalmic ointments.
• How will you classify different dosage forms? Write the importance of different dosage forms.
• Define Solid Dosage Forms. How will you classify different dosage forms. Write in brief about dentifrices and effervescent granules.
• What are monophasic liquid dosage forms? Write in details about syrups and elixirs.
• What are emulsion? State the different types of emulsion and how will you distinguish them.
• What are ointments? Classify different ointment bases used in the preparations of ointment. Describe briefly each base.
• What are the preparations that cover under biphasic liquid dosage form? How will you distinguish between suspension and emulsion.
• Define creams ? How will differ creams from ointments? Write in brief about creams.

Prescription

• Define the term Prescription.
• Define the term Superscription.
• What does the term subscription mean?
• What is the importance of Latin language in Prescription writing.
• What is the importance of date in prescription.
• What does the term Inscription means.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of prescribing the drugs by it propitiatory name?
• Write the importance of writing age in Prescription.
• Write the importance of modern methods of writing prescription.
• Name the various sources of errors in Prescription.
• Define the term Prescription. Describe in brief about the different parts of a prescription.
• Discuss the various sources of errors while dispensing a prescription. How these errors are rectified.
• Discuss the procedure which should be followed by a Pharmacist while handling the prescription for compounding and dispensing.
• Discuss the various precautions which should be taken by a Pharmacist while dispensing a prescription.

Posology

• Define the term Posology.
• What does the term official doses mean.
• Define the term Synergism.
• What is meant by the term Tolerance.
• What does the term accumulation means.
• Why the quantity of drug which is given by IV Route smaller than the Oral Route.
• What is Dillings formula.
• Write the clerks formula.
• Write the Youngs formula.
• define the term additive effects.
• Name the various factors that influence the dose of a drug.
• Explain the term tachyphylaxis.
• What is the duty of a pharmacist in case the medicine prescribes is overdose.
• Give the name of the various factors which influences the dose of a drug in animal.
• Name the drugs which should be avoided to be given to lactating mother.
• Discuss the various factors which affects the dose of a medicine.
• Describe the various methods which are used in calculating the dose of a drug in small children.
• Explain the different factors which influences the dose of a drug in animal.
• Write short note on the followings
  • Accumulation
  • Synergism
  • Idiosyncrasy
  • Tolerance
  • Tachyphylaxis
  • Additive effects

Pharmaceutical Calculations

• Give the metric equivalence of:
  • 2drachm
  • 10 fl. ounce
  • 1pint
  • 4 drachm
  • 1tumberful
  • 1minim
  • 5grains
  • 1 quart
  • 1pound
  • 1tblspn
• Calculate the following
  • 4 oz of a 1 in 2000 solutions
  • 6 oz of a 1 in 40 solutions
  • 8 oz of a 1 in 800 solutions
  • 1 pint of a 0.9% NaCl solutions
  • 1 pint of a 1 in 80 solution of HgCl₂

Solid Dosage Form

• Define the following terms:
  • Unit Dosage Form
  • Powder
  • Tablet Triturates
  • Cachets
  • Pill
  • Lozenge
  • pastille
  • capsule
• Name the bulk powders that are used externally.
• what is the approximate capacity in mg of a capsule having number 000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3,4,5 ?
• Mention the advantages and disadvantages of powder.
• Write briefly about dusting powder?
• What are the advantages of effervescent granules?
• Write the advantages and disadvantages of cachets.
• Write briefly about geometric dilution.
• Mention the difficulties which are faced while using the insufflator.
• Write briefly about hard gelatin capsules.
• Describe about the soft gelatin capsules. Differentiate between hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules.
• Discuss the essential requirements for a good pill.
• Write in brief about the different methods of filling powders in hard gelatin capsules.
• Describe the preparation of moulded lozenges.
• Define the term Powders? Write the advantages and disadvantages of powder as unit dosage form.
• Discuss different methods of mixing powders.
• Discuss in brief about effervescent granules. Give the method of preparation of effervescent granules.
• Classify different type of Powders. Discuss about the various dusting powders which are meant for external use.
• Define Pill. Discuss about the methods of preparation of pills.
• Explain the term lozenges and briefly describe about the compounding and dispensing of moulded lozenges.
• Define a hard gelatin capsule? How are the capsules dispense in Pharmacy.
• Define Pastille and discuss briefly about the preparation of pastille.
• Write short note on:
  • Dusting Powders
  • Soft Gelatin Capsules
  • Dentifrices
  • Effervescent granules
  • Geometric dilution
  • coating of pills
  • cachets
  • tablet triturates
  • lozenges
  • pastilles
  • compound powders
  • Hard gelatin capsules
• How will you dispense the following:
  • powders containing potent drugs
  • powders containing efflorescent powder
  • powders containing volatile substances
  • powders containing hygroscopic and deliquescent substances

Monophasic Liquid Dosage Form

• Define the term monophasic liquid dosage form
• What does the term mixture means
• Define the term drought
• Give three examples of monophasic liquid dosage form meant for internal use.
• What should be the pH of nasal drops.
• Write the storage conditions of mixtures.
• Give five examples of monophasic liquid dosage form meant for external use.
• Why is glycerin being use a base in throat paint?
• Why are gaggles dispensed in concentrated form?
• Why are nasal drops made isotonic?
• Write the main aim of using nasal spray?
• Write the uses of douches.
• Explain the various adjunts use in the formulation of mixtures.
• Classify different type of mixtures.
• Differentiate syrup and elixirs.
• Write the difference between lotion and liniment.
• What are mixtures? Describe different type of mixtures. Describe in brief about the method of dispensing the mixtures containing:
  • Indiffusible solid
  • Precipitate forming liquids
• What are syrups. How are they different from elixirs and linctuses. Describe the different methods of preparation of syrups.
• Discuss the general method of dispensing of
  • mixture containing indiffusible solids.
  • mixture containing precipitate forming liquids
  • mixture containing diffusible solids
• What are mixtures?Classify different types of mixtures. Discuss in brief about the different vehicles and adjuncts used in the formulation of mixtures.

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Short Answer Questions (5 Marks Each)

1. Write a note on the history of the pharmacy
2. Explain career opportunities in pharmacy.
3. Write a note on Indian Pharmacopoeia.
4. Define dosage form. Give a detailed classification of dosage forms.
5. What is the need to develop a dosage form? Classify dosage form with suitable e.g.
6. Explain in detail the handling of the prescription.
7. Write a note on errors in prescription.
8. Define posology. Explain any 4 factors affecting the dose of the drug (posology).
9. Define and classify powders. Add a note on bulk and divided powders.
10. Define and classify powders. Add a note on medicated and surgical powders.
11. Write a note on powders for internal usage.
12. Write a note on powders for external usage.
13. Write a note on vehicles for liquid dosage forms.
14. Write a note on preservatives and antioxidants.
15. Write a note on organoleptic additives (colouring, flavouring & sweetening agents).
16. Define and classify solutions. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
    solutions?
17. Write a note on gargles and mouthwashes.
18. Write a note on ear drops and nasal drops.
19. Write a note on throat paints and enemas.6
20. Explain in detail methods of preparation of syrup.
21. Write a note on elixirs.
22. Write a note on liniments and lotions.
23. Define suspension. Classify them in detail and write the advantages and disadvantages of
    suspensions.
24. Write a note on suspending agents (thickening agents).
25. Write a note on the stability of suspensions
    

Long Answer Questions (10 Marks Each)

1. Explain in detail career opportunities in pharmacy.
2. Explain in detail about the Indian Pharmacopoeia.
3. Define prescription. Explain in detail parts of the prescription. Add a note on types of
   prescriptions.
4. Explain in detail parts of the prescription. Add a note on errors in prescription.
5. Define posology. Explain in detail factors affecting the dose of the drug (posology).
6. Define and classify syrup. Explain in detail the advantages, disadvantages, method of
   preparation, label, and storage of syrups.
7. Explain in detail the components of suspension formulation. Add a note on methods of
   preparation of suspensions

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1. Classify antihypertensive drugs with examples. Describe the pharmacology of ACE Inhibitors.
2. Classify Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with examples. Describe the pharmacology of Aspirin.
3. Write the applications of Bioassay. Explain the bioassay of histamine.
4. Classify antihypertensive drugs with examples. Describe the pharmacology of calcium channel blockers.
5. Classify Antihistamines with examples. Describe pharmacological actions of Histamine.
6. Write the applications of bioassay. Explain the bioassay of Insulin.
7. Classify antihypertensive drugs with examples. Describe the pharmacology of Clonidine.
8. Classify Antihistamines with examples. Describe pharmacological actions of Histamine.
9. Write the applications of Bioassay. Explain the Bioassay of Digitalis.
   
10. Classify Antihypertensive drugs. Describe the pharmacology of Propranolol
11. Define bioassay. Explain the Bioassay of oxytocin
12. What are autacoids? Write the pharmacology of Histamine.
13. Classify antihypertensive drugs with examples. Describe the pharmacology of Nifedipine
14. Describe the general methods of bioassay and explain the bioassay of insulin
15. Write the mechanism, pharmacological actions therapeutic uses and adverse effects of salicylates
16. Describe the pharmacology of digitalis.
17. Classify Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with examples. Describe the pharmacology of Aspirin.
18. Define Bioassay. Explain the Bioassay of Insulin.
19. Explain the pharmacological actions, adverse reactions and clinical uses of digitalis.
20. Classify the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Discuss the mechanism of action and adverse effects of Aspirin
21. Discuss the principle of bioassays. Explain the bioassay of Insulin.
22. Classify anti-hypertensive agents. Explain the mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of propranolol.
23. Explain the Pharmacological actions of prostaglandins
24. Define bioassay. Explain the principles and applications of bioassays
25. What are cardiac glycosides? Discuss the pharmacology of digitalis.
26. Describe the different types of bioassay and explain the bioassay of Oxytocin
27. Write the mechanism and pharmacological actions of prostaglandins
28. Classify Antihyperlipidemic drugs with examples. Describe the pharmacology of atorvastatin
29. Write the merits, demerits and applications of bioassay. Explain the bioassay of d-tubocurarine
30. Describe the pharmacology of histamine.

31. Describe the Pharmacology of Digoxin.
32. Classify anti anginal drugs with examples. Write the pharmacology of Nitrates.
33. Describe the Pharmacological actions of heparin
34. Classify diuretics with examples.
35. Describe the pharmacology of sulfasalazine
36. Describe the pharmacology of propylthiouracil
37. Describe the Pharmacological actions of Insulin.
38. Describe the pharmacology of hydrocortisone
39. Describe the mechanism of action and adverse effects of sod. warfarin.
40. Describe the Pharmacology of Quinidine.
41. Explain the mechanism of action and adverse effects of Acetazolamide.
42. Describe the Pharmacology of Heparin.
43. Classify oral hypoglycaemic agents with examples.
44. Describe the pharmacological actions & adverse effects of Aspirin
45. Explain the Pharmacology of Prostaglandins.
46. Describe the Pharmacological actions of Glucocorticoids.
47. Explain the mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of Propylthiouracil.
48. Classify Antihyperlipidemic drugs with examples. Write the mechanism of action of statins.
49. Describe the Pharmacology of Statins
50. Explain the mechanism of action and adverse effects of Aspirin.
51. Describe the Pharmacology of Furosemide.
52. Classify oral hypoglycaemic agents with examples.
53. Describe the Pharmacology of heparin.
54. Explain the pharmacology of methotrexate
55. Describe the pharmacological actions of Insulin
56. Describe the pharmacology of hydrocortisone
57. Classify Antithyroid drugs with examples. Describe the pharmacology of Propylthiouracil
58. Explain the mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of digitalis
59. What is angina pectoris? Write the pharmacology of Nitrates.
60. Describe the pharmacological actions of prostaglandins
61. Classify antirheumatic drugs with examples. Describe the Pharmacology of Methotrexate.
62. Describe the Pharmacology of Aspirin.
63. Explain the pharmacology of Sulfonylureas.
64. Explain the role of hormones in regulation of plasma calcium level
65. Classify Diuretics with examples.
66. Describe the pharmacological actions of Insulin.
67. Write the mechanism of action and toxicities of digitalis