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The Pharmacy Council of India has recently updated the D Pharm Syllabus and made huge changes in the syllabus of DPharm 1st Year as well as in the syllabus of DPharm 2nd Year. Not only changed the syllabus but PCI has also introduced the Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination for the D.Pharm students. A lot of things have been changed in the new syllabus of D.Pharm because PCI has decorated the whole syllabus of D.Pharm in a new way to meet the Diploma In Pharmacy education global level. So in this post, we will deeply analyse the whole syllabus of the Diploma in Pharmacy to observe the new topics and subjects the Pharmacy Council of India has added to the new D.Pharm curriculum and the topic they have deleted from the old syllabus. If you still do not follow us on different social media then links are given below. Follow us and support us so we could manage more amazing posts like this daily.
As we all know Diploma in Pharmacy course is divided into two years D.Pharm 1st Year and D.Pharm 2nd Year. We have discussed the syllabus below Year wise and subject wise.
Subjects According to New D Pharm Syllabus
| Subject Names | Year |
|---|---|
| Pharmaceutics – Theory and Practical | D.Pharm 1st Year |
| Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Theory and Practical | D.Pharm 1st Year |
| Pharmacognosy – Theory and Practical | D.Pharm 1st Year |
| Human Anatomy and Physiology – Theory and Practical | D.Pharm 1st Year |
| Social Pharmacy – Theory and Practical | D.Pharm 1st Year |
| Pharmacology – Theory and Practical | D.Pharm 2nd Year |
| Community Pharmacy & Management – Theory and Practical | D.Pharm 2nd Year |
| Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology – Theory and Practical | D.Pharm 2nd Year |
| Pharmacotherapeutics – Theory and Practical | D.Pharm 2nd Year |
| Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy – Theory and Practical | D.Pharm 2nd Year |
| Pharmacy Law & Ethics – only Theory | D.Pharm 2nd Year |
D Pharmacy 1st Year Syllabus
Previously there were six subjects in D.Pharm 1st Year now after the recent changes there are five subjects. So PCI reduced one subject from the syllabus for Diploma in Pharmacy 1st Year. New subjects of DPharm 1st Year are:
- Pharmaceutics – Theory and Practical
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Theory and Practical
- Pharmacognosy – Theory and Practical
- Human Anatomy and Physiology – Theory and Practical
- Social Pharmacy Theory and Practical
The detailed Subject wise and Topic wise Syllabus of D.Pharm 1st Year is shared below.
Pharmaceutics D.Pharm 1st Year Syllabus
The Pharmaceutics course is designed in a manner so that the D.Pharm students can get the basic knowledge of formulating and dispensing the different pharmaceutical dosage forms. Students will get basic knowledge of the following pharmaceutical aspects.
- The basic concept of Pharmaceutics
- Disadvantages, Advantages, Formulation and Method of Preparation of different dosage forms.
- Requirements for Packaging and Labelling
- Basic idea about GMP, Quality Tests and Quality Assurance
Chapter 1: Introduction
- History of the profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to Pharmacy education, industry, pharmacy practice, and various professional associations.
- Pharmacy as a career
- Pharmacopoeia: Introduction to IP, USP, BP, NF and the Extra Pharmacopoeia. Salient features of Indian Pharmacopoeia
Chapter 2: Packaging Materials
- Types of Packaging Materials
- Selection criteria of Packaging Materials
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Glass as a Packaging Material
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Plastic as a Packaging Material
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Metal as a Packaging Material
- Disadvantages and Advantages of Rubber as a Packaging Material
Chapter 3: (A) Pharmaceutical Aids
- Organoleptic Agents (Flavouring, Colouring and Sweetening)
Chapter 3: (B) Preservatives
- Definition of Preservatives
- Different types of Preservatives with Examples
- Uses of Preservatives
Chapter 4: (A) Size Reduction
- Definition of Ball Mill and Hammer Mill
- Applications and Objectives of Ball Mill and Hammer Mill
- Principle of Hammer Mill and Ball Mill
- Construction and Working of Hammer Mill and Ball Mill
Chapter 4: (B) Size Separation
- Classification of Powder according to Indian Pharmacopoeia
- Definition of Cyclone separator
- Applications and Objectives of Cyclone separator
- Principle of Cyclone separator
- Construction and Working of Cyclone separator
- Sieves and standards of sieves
Chapter 4: (C) Mixing
- Definition of Double cone blender, Triple roller mill, Turbine mixer, and Silverson mixer homogenizer
- Applications and Objectives of Double cone blender, Triple roller mill, Turbine mixer, and Silverson mixer homogenizer
- Principle of Double cone blender, Triple roller mill, Turbine mixer, and Silverson mixer homogenizer
- Construction and Working of Double cone blender, Triple roller mill, Turbine mixer, and Silverson mixer homogenizer
Chapter 4: (D) Filtration
- Theory of filtration
- Sintered Glass Filter and Membrane Filter
Chapter 4: (E) Drying
- Process of freeze-drying
- Working of fluidized bed dryer
Chapter 4: (F) Extraction
- Definition of Extraction
- Classification of Extraction
- Method of Extraction
- Applications of Extraction
Chapter 5: (A) Tablets
- Coated and Uncoated Tablets
- Different Modified Tablets (extended-release, multi-layered, sustained release, fast-dissolving etc)
Chapter 5: (B) Capsules
- Hard Gelatin Capsules
- Soft Gelatin Capsules
Chapter 6: (C) Liquid Oral Preparations
- Solutions
- Elixirs
- Syrups
- Suspension
- Emulsion
- Dry Powder for Reconstitution
Chapter 6: (D) Topical Preparations
- Creams
- Ointments
- Pastes
- Liniments
- Lotions
- Gels
- Pessaries
- Suppositories
Chapter 6: (E) Nasal preparations and Ear preparations
Chapter 6: (F) Powders and Granules
- Dusting Powders
- Effervescent Granules
- Effervescent Powders
- Insufflations
Chapter 6: (G) Sterile formulations
- Eye Drops
- Eye Ointments
- Injectables
Chapter 6: (H) Immunological Products
- Vaccines
- Sera
- Toxoids
- manufacturing methods of Sera, Toxoids and Vaccines
Chapter 7: Quality Control and Quality Assurance
- Definition and Concepts of Quality Assurance and Quality Control
- Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP)
- Concept of Validation and Calibration
Chapter 8: Novel Drug Delivery System
- Introduction of Novel Drug Delivery System
- Classification of Novel Drug Delivery System with examples
- Challenges and Advantages of Novel Drug Delivery System
Pharmaceutical Chemistry D.Pharm 1st Year Syllabus
The Pharmaceutical Chemistry course is designed to gain basic knowledge about the chemical structure, storage conditions and medicinal uses of organic and inorganic chemical substances used as drugs and pharmaceuticals along with the impurities, and quality control aspects of chemical substances used in pharmaceuticals.
Chapter 1: (A) Introduction to Pharmaceutical chemistry
- Scope and Objective of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Chapter 1: (B) Sources and types of errors
- Accuracy
- Precision
- Significant Figures
Chapter 1: (C) Impurities in Pharmaceuticals
- Source of impurities in Pharmacopoeial substances
- effect of impurities in Pharmacopoeial substances
- Importance of Limit Test
- Procedures and Principle of Limit tests for Chlorides
- Limit tests for Sulphates
- Principle and Procedures of Limit tests for Iron
- Principle and Procedures of Limit tests for Heavy Metals and Arsenic
Chapter 2: (A) Volumetric Analysis
- Fundamentals of Volumetric Analysis
- Acid-Base Titration
- Non-Aqueous Titration
- Precipitation Titration
- Complexometric Titration
- Redox Titration
Chapter 2: (B) Gravimetric Analysis
- Principle and Method of Gravimetry Analysis
Chapter 3: (A) Haematinics
- Market Preparations, Pharmaceutical formulations, use and storage conditions of Ferrous sulphate, Ferrous ascorbate, Ferrous fumarate, Carbonyl iron and Ferric ammonium citrate.
Chapter 3: (B) Gastrointestinal Agents
- Market Preparations, Pharmaceutical formulations, use and storage conditions of Antacids: Magnesium hydroxide, Aluminium hydroxide gel, Calcium Carbonate, Adsorbents, Cathartics, Aluminium hydroxide gel, Magaldrate, Adsorbents, Sodium bicarbonate
Chapter 3: (C) Topical agents
- Market Preparations, Pharmaceutical formulations, use and storage conditions of Ionic Silver, Hydrogen peroxide, Boric acid, Potassium permanganate, Silver Nitrate, Chlorhexidine Gluconate.
Chapter 3: (D) Dental products
- Market Preparations, Pharmaceutical formulations, use and storage conditions of Sodium fluoride, Denture adhesives, Calcium carbonate, Denture cleaners, Mouthwashes
Chapter 3: (E) Medicinal Gases
- Market Preparations, Pharmaceutical formulations, use and storage conditions of nitrous oxide, Carbon dioxide, oxygen.
Chapter 4:
- Nomenclature of Organic Systems
Chapter 5: Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System
- Anaesthetics: Ketamine Hydrochloride, Thiopental Sodium, Propofol
- Sedatives and Hypnotics: Alprazolam, Phenobarbital, Diazepam, Nitrazepam
- Antipsychotics: Haloperidol, Sulpiride, Quetiapine, Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride, Risperidone, Olanzapine, Lurasidone
- Anticonvulsants: Carbamazepine, Valproic Acid, Topiramate, Lamotrigine, Phenytoin, Clonazepam, Gabapentin, Vigabatrin
- Anti-Depressants: Imipramine Hydrochloride, Venlafaxine, Sertraline, Escitalopram, Paroxetine, Amitriptyline Hydrochloride, Fluoxetine, Duloxetine, Citalopram, Fluvoxamine
Chapter 6: Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System
- Sympathomimetic Agents:
- Direct Acting: Epinephrine, Dopamine, Salbutamol, Tetrahydrozoline, Nor-Epinephrine, Phenylephrine, Terbutaline, Naphazoline.
- Indirect Acting Agents: Pseudoephedrine, Hydroxy Amphetamine
- Agents With Mixed Mechanism: Metaraminol, Ephedrine
- Adrenergic Antagonists:
- Alpha Adrenergic Blockers: Phentolamine,Tolazoline, Prazosin, Phenoxybenzamine
- Beta-Adrenergic Blockers: Atenolol, Propranolol, Carvedilol
- Cholinergic Drugs and Related Agents:
- Direct Acting Agents: Carbachol, Acetylcholine, Pilocarpine
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium Chloride, Pralidoxime Chloride, Neostigmine, Echothiopate Iodide, Pralidoxime Chloride, Tacrine Hydrochloride
- Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Ipratropium Bromide, Atropine Sulphate
- Synthetic Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride, Dicyclomine Hydrochloride, Tropicamide, Clidinium Bromide
Chapter 7: Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System
- Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs: Procainamide Hydrochloride, Phenytoin Sodium, Lorcainide Hydrochloride, Sotalol, Quinidine Sulphate, Verapamil, Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Amiodarone
- Anti-Hypertensive Agents: Captopril, Methyldopate Hydrochloride, Hydralazine Hydrochloride, Propranolol, Ramipril, Clonidine Hydrochloride, Nifedipine
- Antianginal Agents: Isosorbide Dinitrate
Chapter 8: Diuretics
- Frusemide, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Spironolactone, Acetazolamide, Bumetanide, Benzthiazide, Xipamide
Chapter 9: Hypoglycemic Agents
- Metformin, Glimepiride, Repaglinide, Gliptins, Insulin and Its Preparations, Glibenclamide, Pioglitazone, Gliflozins.
Chapter 10: Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Narcotic Antagonists, Morphine Analogues
- Nonsteroidal Anti Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs): Diclofenac, Piroxicam, Mefenamic Acid, Aceclofenac, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Celecoxib, Paracetamol
Chapter 11: Anti-Infective Agents
- Antifungal Agents: Griseofulvin, Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Amphotericin-B, Miconazole, Itraconazole, Naftifine Hydrochloride
- Urinary Tract Anti-Infective Agents: Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin
- Anti-Tubercular Agents: Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, INH, Para Amino Salicylic Acid, Rifampicin, Delamanid
- Antiviral Agents: Idoxuridine, Foscarnet, Ribavirin, Favipiravir, Amantadine Hydrochloride, Acyclovir, Zidovudine, Remdesivir
- Antimalarials: Chloroquine Phosphate, Mefloquine, Pyrimethamine, Quinine Sulphate, Primaquine Phosphate, Cycloguanil
- Sulfonamides: Sulfadiazine, Sulfacetamide, Cotrimoxazole, Sulfanilamide, Sulfamethoxazole, Mafenide Acetate, Dapsone
Chapter 12: Antibiotics
- Amoxicillin, Streptomycin, Penicillin G, Cloxacillin
- Tetracyclines: Minocycline, Doxycycline
- Macrolides: Azithromycin, Erythromycin
- Miscellaneous: Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol
Chapter 13: Anti Neoplastic Agents
- Busulfan, Fluorouracil, Dactinomycin, Vinblastine Sulphate, Dromostanolone Propionate, Cyclophosphamide, Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Cisplatin
Pharmacognosy D.Pharm 1st Year Syllabus
The Pharmacognosy course of the D Pharm syllabus has been designed in a manner so students can gain information about the origins of various crude drugs along with nutraceuticals, different medicine systems and evaluation of crude drugs.
Chapter 1: Introduction
- Definition and History of Pharmacognosy
- Scope and present status of Pharmacognosy
Chapter 2: Classification of Drugs
- Taxonomical, Pharmacological, Chemo-taxonomical, Alphabetical, Morphological, Chemical
Chapter 3: Quality Control of Crude Drugs
- Different methods of adulteration of crude drugs
- Evaluation of crude drugs
Chapter 4:
- Distribution, Identification tests, pharmaceutical applications, isolation, the therapeutic activity of terpenoids, volatile oils, resins, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins
Chapter 5:
- Laxatives: Castor oil, Senna, Aloe, Ispaghula
- Cardiotonic: Arjuna, Digitalis
- Carminatives and G.I. regulators: Fennel, Ginger, Black Pepper, Nutmeg, Coriander, Cardamom, Clove, Black Pepper, Asafoetida, Cinnamon
- Astringents: Black Catechu, Myrobalan, Pale Catechu
- Drugs acting on the nervous system: Belladonna, Opium, Coffee seeds, Hyoscyamus, Ephedra, Tea leaves, Coca
- Anti-hypertensive: Rauwolfia
- Anti-tussive: Tolu Balsam, Vasaka
- Anti-rheumatics: Colchicum seed
- Anti-tumour: Podophyllum, Vinca
- Antidiabetics: Gymnema, Pterocarpus
- Diuretics: Punarnava, Gokhru
- Anti-dysenteric: Ipecacuanha
- Antiseptics and disinfectants: Myrrh, Turmeric, Benzoin, Neem
- Antimalarials: Artemisia, Cinchona
- Oxytocic: Ergot
- Vitamins: Shark liver oil, Cod liver oil
- Enzymes: Diastase, Yeast, Papaya, Pancreatin
- Pharmaceutical Aids: Lanolin, Acacia, Sodium alginate, Guar gum, Kaolin, Beeswax, Tragacanth, Agar, Gelatine
- Miscellaneous: Galls, Tulsi, Guggul, Squill, Ashwagandha
Chapter 6: Plant fibres used as surgical dressings
- silk, regenerated fibres, Cotton, wool
Chapter 7: (A) Basic principles involved in the traditional systems of medicine
- Siddha, Homeopathy, Ayurveda, Unani
Chapter 7: (B) Method of preparation of Ayurvedic formulations
- Asava, Taila, Lehya, Arista, Gutika, Churna, Bhasma
Chapter 8: Role of medicinal and aromatic plants in the national economy and their export potential
Chapter 9: Herbs as health food
- Therapeutic applications and Introduction of Antioxidants, Pre-biotics, Omega-3-fatty acids, Carotenoids, Garlic, Nutraceuticals, Pro-biotics, Dietary fibres, Spirulina, Soya
Chapter 10: Introduction to herbal formulations
Chapter 11: Herbal cosmetics
- chemical constituents, therapeutic and cosmetic uses, Sources, commercial preparations of Almond oil, Olive oil, Sandal Wood oil, Aloe vera gel, Lavender oil, Rosemary oil
Chapter 12: Phytochemical Investigation of Drugs
Human Anatomy and Physiology D.Pharm 1st Year Syllabus
This Human Anatomy and Physiology D Pharm Syllabus for D.Pharm 1st Year Students contain topics for a better understanding of basic physiological monitoring of different systems and functions.
Chapter 1: Introduction
- Scope of Human Anatomy and Physiology
- Definition of different terminologies
Chapter 2: Structure of Cell
- Components of cell and the basic function of cell
Chapter 3: Tissues of the human body
- Connective tissue, epithelial tissue, nervous tissue, muscular tissue – their characteristics and subtypes
Chapter 4: Osseous system
- Function and Structure of bones, appendicular skeleton and axial skeleton
- Movements of Joints, Classification of Joints, Disorders of Joints
Chapter 5: Haemopoietic system
- Functions and Composition of blood
- Hemopoiesis process
- functions and Characteristics of WBCs, RBCs and platelets
- Blood Clotting Mechanism
- Importance of Blood Grouping
Chapter 6: Lymphatic system
- Function, composition and formation of the lymphatic system and lymph
- functions and structure of lymph node and spleen
Chapter 7: Cardiovascular system
- Anatomy and Physiology of heart
- Circulation (Coronary, Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation) and Blood vessels
- Heart sounds Cardiac cycle and basics of ECG
- Blood pressure and regulation of blood pressure
Chapter 8: Respiratory system
- Functions and Anatomy and Respiratory Organs
- Regulation and Mechanism of Respiration
- Definition of Respiratory volume and capacity
Chapter 9: Digestive system
- Anatomy and Physiology of Gastro-Intestinal Tract
- Functions and Anatomy of Accessory Glands
- Physiology of Absorption and Digestion
Chapter 10: Skeletal muscles
- Histology
- The physiology behind muscle contraction
- Disorders of Muscle contractions
Chapter 11: Nervous system
- Classification of the nervous system
- Anatomy and physiology of cerebellum, cerebrum, midbrain
- The function of the medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, and basal ganglia
- Structure of Spinal Cords and reflexes
- Functions and names of cranial nerves
- Anatomy and physiology of parasympathetic nervous system (ANS) and sympathetic nervous system
Chapter 12: Sense organs
- Anatomy and physiology of Eye
- Anatomy and physiology of Ear
- Anatomy and physiology of Nose
- Anatomy and physiology of Tongue
- Anatomy and physiology of Skin
Chapter 13: Urinary System
- Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
- The physiology behind the formation of urine
- Renin – angiotensin system
- micturition and Clearance tests
Chapter 14: Endocrine system
- Adrenal gland
- Pancreas and gonads
- Pituitary gland
- Thyroid and parathyroid gland
Chapter 15: Reproductive system
- Anatomy of the female reproductive system and male reproductive system
- Physiology behind menstruation
- Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis
- Parturition and Pregnancy
Social Pharmacy D.Pharm 1st Year Syllabus
Social Pharmacy subject has been newly added to D.Pharm 1st Year. D Pharm syllabus for Social Pharmacy subject given below:
Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Pharmacy
- Scope and Definition. The discipline of Social Pharmacy, Role of Pharmacists in Public Health
- Concept of Health – Various Dimensions, Health Indicators, WHO Definition and Determinants
- Indian Perspective of National Health Policy
- Private Health System in India, Public Health System, National Health Mission
- Introduction to Sustainable Development Goals, Millennium Development Goals and FIP Development Goals
Chapter 2: Preventive Healthcare – Role of Pharmacists
- Family Planning and Demography
- Importance of Breastfeeding, Mother and child health,
- Bad effects of infant milk substitute bottle-feeding
- Bad effects of bottle-feeding
- Types of Immunity, Types of Immunization, Overview of Vaccines
- Effect of Environment on Health – the importance of safe drinking water, Water pollution, waterborne diseases, noise pollution, sewage and solid waste disposal, air pollution, occupational illnesses, Environmental pollution due to pharmaceuticals
- Psychosocial Pharmacy – Drugs of Misuse and Abuse: narcotics, tobacco products, psychotropics, alcohol, Social Impact of these bad habits on social health and productivity and suicidal behaviours
Chapter 3: Nutrition and Health
- Basics of Macronutrients and Basics of Micronutrients.
- Importance of fibre and water in the diet
- A balanced diet, nutrition deficiency diseases, calorific and nutritive values of various foods, Malnutrition, ill effects of junk foods, fortification of food
- Introduction to food safety, effects of artificial ripening, genetically modified foods, adulteration of foods, use of pesticides
- Dietary supplements, food supplements – benefits and indications, Drug-Food Interactions, nutraceuticals
Chapter 4: Introduction to Microbiology and common microorganisms
- Epidemiology: Introduction and Application of Epidemiology, Understanding of terms such as a pandemic, epidemic, mode of transmission, quarantine, outbreak, isolation, contact tracing, incubation period, mortality, and morbidity.
- Causative agents, clinical presentations, epidemiology and the role of Pharmacists in teaching people to prevent the below given communicable disease.
- Respiratory infections – measles, mumps, diphtheria, meningococcal meningitis, tuberculosis, chickenpox, rubella, influenza (including H1N1, MERS, Avian-Flu, SARS)
- Intestinal infections – viral hepatitis, acute diarrheal diseases, amebiasis, food poisoning, poliomyelitis, cholera, typhoid, and worm infestations
- Arthropod-borne infections – malaria, chikungunya, dengue and filariasis
- Surface infections – tetanus, trachoma and leprosy
- AIDS/HIV, STDs
Chapter 5
- Introduction to health systems
- Introduction to all ongoing National Health programs and their functioning, role of pharmacists, objectives and outcome
Chapter 6: Pharmacoeconomics
- Introduction, the importance of pharmacoeconomics and basic terminologies
D Pharmacy 2nd Year Syllabus
There were six theory subjects on the old D Pharm syllabus but after the recent changes in the syllabus, there are now also six subjects a list of the old syllabus is shared below in the table.
| D.Pharm 2nd Year New Subjects (Theory) | D.Pharm 2nd Year Old Subjects (Theory) |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology | Pharmaceutics-II |
| Community Pharmacy & Management | Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II |
| Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology | Pharmacology & Toxicology |
| Pharmacotherapeutics | Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence |
| Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy | Drug store and Business Management |
| Pharmacy Law & Ethics | Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy |
The detailed Subject wise and Topic wise Syllabus of D.Pharm 1st Year is shared below.
Pharmacology DPharm 2nd Year Syllabus
Chapter 1: General Pharmacology
- Introduction to Pharmacology and the scope of Pharmacology
- Different routes of drug administration and advantages and disadvantages
- Drug absorption – factors affecting drug absorption, types and definition of Drug absorption
- Bioavailability and different factors that affect bioavailability
- Drug distribution – factors affecting drug distribution and definition of Drug distribution
- Biotransformation of drugs – Definition, factors that influence drug metabolisms, types of biotransformation reactions
- Excretion of drugs – Definition, different routes of drug excretion
- General mechanism of drug action and factors that modify drug action
Chapter 2: Drugs Acting on the Peripheral Nervous System
- Different Steps Involved in the neurohumoral transmission process
- Definition, pharmacological actions, indications, classification, dose and contraindications of
- Anti-Cholinergic drugs
- Cholinergic drugs
- Local anaesthetic agents
- Adrenergic drugs
- Anti-adrenergic drugs
- Drugs used in Myasthenia gravis
- Neuromuscular blocking agents
- Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Chapter 3: Drugs Acting on the Eye
Definition, pharmacological actions, dose, classification, indications and contraindications of
- Mydriatics
- Miotics
- Drugs used in Glaucoma
Chapter 4: Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System
Definition, pharmacological actions, classification, indications, dose and contraindications of
- Hypnotics and sedatives
- Anti-anxiety drugs
- Anti-psychotics
- Centrally acting muscle relaxants
- General anaesthetics
- Anti-Convulsant drugs
- Anti-depressant drugs
- Nootropic agents
- Opioid analgesics
Chapter 5: Drugs Acting on the Cardiovascular System
Definition, pharmacological actions, classification, indications, dose and contraindications of
- Anti-anginal drugs
- Drugs used in atherosclerosis
- Drug therapy for shock
- Anti-hypertensive drugs
- Anti-arrhythmic drugs
- Congestive heart failure
Chapter 6: Drugs Acting on Blood and Blood Forming Organs
Definition, pharmacological actions, classification, indications, dose and contraindications of
- Anti-coagulants
- Thrombolytic drugs
- Hematinic agents
- Anti-platelet agents
Chapter 7:
Definition, pharmacological actions, classification, indications, dose and contraindications of
- Expectorants
- Mucolytic agents
- Bronchodilators
- Anti-tussive agents
Chapter 8: Drugs Acting on the Gastro-Intestinal Tract
Definition, pharmacological actions, classification, indications, dose and contraindications of
- Anti-emetics
- Anti-diarrheal drugs
- Anti-ulcer drugs
- Laxatives and purgatives
Chapter 9: Drugs Acting on the Kidney
Definition, pharmacological actions, classification, indications, dose and contraindications of
- Anti-Diuretics
- Diuretics
Chapter 10: Hormones and Hormone Antagonists
Clinical Uses, Pathological role and physiological use of
- Anti-thyroid drugs
- Calcitonin
- Insulin
- Estrogen
- Oxytocin
- Thyroid hormones
- Parathormone
- Vitamin D
- Oral hypoglycemic agents
- Progesterone
- Corticosteroids
Chapter 11: Autocoids
- The physiological role of 5 HT, Histamine and Prostaglandins
- Classification, adverse effects and clinical uses of 5 HT and antihistamines
Chapter 12: Chemotherapeutic Agents
Introduction, infestations and neoplastic diseases, dose, indication, basic principles of chemotherapy of infections, Classification and contraindications of drugs belonging to the following classes:
- Cephalosporins
- Fluoroquinolones
- Tetracyclines
- Anti-tubercular drugs
- Anti-viral drugs
- Anthelmintics
- Anti-neoplastic agents
- Penicillins
- Aminoglycosides
- Macrolides
- Sulphonamides
- Anti-fungal drugs
- Anti-amoebic agents
- Anti-malarial agents
Chapter 13: Biologicals
- Definition
- indications of biological agents with their examples
- types of biologicals
Community Pharmacy and Management D.Pharm 2nd Year Syllabus
Chapter 1: Community Pharmacy Practice
- Definition
- Development and the history of community pharmacy
- Indian and International scenarios of Community Pharmacy
Chapter 2:
- Professional responsibilities of the community pharmacists
- An Introduction to the concept of SOPs and Good Pharmacy Practice.
Chapter 3: Prescription and Prescription Handling
- Definition, Different parts of a sample prescription, legality of prescriptions, handling of prescriptions, labelling of the dispensed medications, and brief instructions on the medication usage.
- Process of Dispensing, Good Dispensing Practices, dispensing errors and different strategies to minimize the errors.
Chapter 4: Communication Skills
- Definition and Different Types of Communication Skills.
- Interactions with patients and professionals.
- Verbal communication skills (over the telephone, one-to-one )
- Body language
- Patient interview techniques
- Written communication skills
Chapter 5: Patient counselling
- Definition and benefits of patient counselling
- Stages of patient counselling – Introduction, counselling content, counselling process, and closing the counselling session
- Barriers to effective counselling – Types and strategies to overcome the barriers
- Patient counselling points for chronic diseases/disorders – Hypertension, Diabetes, Asthma, Tuberculosis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and AIDS
- Patient Package Inserts – Definition, importance and benefits, Scenarios of PPI use in India and other countries
- Patient Information leaflets – Definition and uses
Chapter 6: Medication Adherence
- Definition, factors influencing non-adherence, strategies to overcome non-adherence
Chapter 7: Health Screening Services in Community Pharmacy
- Introduction, scope, and importance of various health screening services – for routine monitoring of patients, early detection, and referral of undiagnosed cases
Chapter 8: Over The Counter (OTC) Medications
- Definition, need and role of Pharmacists in OTC medication dispensing
- OTC medications in India, counselling for OTC products
- Self-medication and the role of pharmacists in promoting the safe practices during self-medication
- Responding to symptoms, minor ailments, and advice for self-care in conditions such as – pain management, Cough, Cold, Diarrhea, Constipation, Vomiting, Fever, Sore throat, Skin disorders, Oral health (mouth ulcers, dental pain, gum swelling)
Chapter 10: Community Pharmacy Management
- Legal requirements to set up a community pharmacy
- Site selection requirements
- Pharmacy designs and interiors
- Vendor selection and ordering
- Procurement, inventory control methods, and inventory management
- Financial planning and management
- Accountancy in community pharmacy – Daybook, Cashbook
- Introduction to pharmacy operation Software – usefulness and availability
- Customer Relation Management (CRM)
- Audits in Pharmacies
- SOP of Pharmacy Management
- Introduction to Digital Health, mHealth and Online pharmacies
Biochemistry and Clinical Pathology D.Pharm 2nd Year Syllabus
Chapter 1: Introduction to Biochemistry
- Scope of biochemistry in pharmacy
- Cell and its biochemical organization
Chapter 2: Carbohydrates
- Definition, classification with examples, chemical properties
- Monosaccharides – the Structure of glucose, fructose, and galactose
- Disaccharides – the structure of maltose, lactose, and sucrose
- Polysaccharides – chemical nature of starch and glycogen
- Qualitative tests and the biological role of carbohydrates
Chapter 3: Proteins
- Definition and classification of proteins based on composition and solubility with examples
- Definition, and classification of amino acids based on chemical nature and nutritional requirements with examples
- Structure of proteins (four levels of organization of protein structure)
- Qualitative tests and the biological role of proteins and amino acids
- Diseases related to malnutrition of proteins.
Chapter 4: Lipids
- Definition, classification with examples
- Structure and properties of triglycerides (oils and fats)
- Fatty acid classification – Based on chemical and nutritional requirements with examples
- Structure and functions of cholesterol in the body
- Lipoproteins – types, composition and functions in the body
- Qualitative tests and functions of lipids
Chapter 5: Nucleic Acids
- Definition, purine and pyrimidine bases
- Components of nucleosides and nucleotides with examples
- Structure of DNA (Watson and Crick model), RNA and their functions
Chapter 6: Enzymes
- Definition, properties and IUB and MB classification
- Factors affecting enzyme activity
- Mechanism of action of enzymes, Enzyme inhibitors
- Therapeutic and pharmaceutical importance of enzymes
Chapter 7: Vitamins
- Definition and classification with examples
- Sources, chemical nature, functions, coenzyme form, recommended dietary requirements, deficiency diseases of fat-and water-soluble vitamins
Chapter 8: Metabolism
- Metabolism of Carbohydrates: Glycolysis, TCA cycle and glycogen metabolism, regulation of blood glucose level. Diseases related to abnormal metabolism of Carbohydrates
- Metabolism of lipids: Lipolysis, β-oxidation of Fatty acid (Palmitic acid) ketogenesis and ketolysis. Diseases related to abnormal metabolism of lipids such as Ketoacidosis, Fatty liver, Hypercholesterolemia
- Metabolism of Amino acids (Proteins): General reactions of amino acids and their significance– Transamination, deamination, Urea cycle and decarboxylation. Diseases related to abnormal metabolism of amino acids, Disorders of ammonia metabolism, phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria and Jaundice.
- Biological oxidation: Electron transport chain and Oxidative phosphorylation
Chapter 9: Minerals
- Types, Functions, Deficiency diseases, recommended dietary requirements
Chapter 10: Water and Electrolytes
- Distribution, and functions of water in the body
- Water turnover and balance
- The electrolyte composition of the body fluids, Dietary intake of electrolytes and Electrolyte balance
- Dehydration, causes of dehydration and oral rehydration therapy
Chapter 11: Introduction to Biotechnology
Chapter 12: Organ Function Tests
- Functions of kidney and routinely performed tests to assess the functions of kidneys and their clinical significance
- Functions of liver and routinely performed tests to assess the functions of the liver and their clinical significance
- Lipid profile tests and their clinical significance
Chapter 13: Introduction to Pathology of Blood and Urine
- Lymphocytes and Platelets, their role in health and disease
- Erythrocytes – Abnormal cells and their significance
- Normal and Abnormal constituents of Urine and their significance
Pharmacotherapeutics D.Pharm 2nd Year Syllabus
Chapter 1: Pharmacotherapeutics
- Introduction, scope, and objectives.
- Rational use of Medicines, Evidence-Based Medicine,
- Essential Medicines List, Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs)
Chapter 2:
- Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of the diseases associated with
Chapter 2: (A) Cardiovascular System
- Hypertension
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Angina and Myocardial infarction
- Congestive Heart Failure
Chapter 2: (B) Respiratory System
- COPD
- Asthma
Chapter 2: (c) Endocrine System
- Thyroid disorders – Hypo and Hyperthyroidism
- Diabetes
Chapter 2: (D) Central Nervous System
- Epilepsy
- Parkinson’s disease
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Stroke
- Migraine
Chapter 2: (E) Gastro-Intestinal Disorders
- Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
- Alcoholic liver disease
- Peptic Ulcer Disease
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis)
Chapter 2: (F) Haematological Disorders
- Megaloblastic anaemia
- Iron deficiency anaemia
Chapter 2: (G) Infectious Diseases
- Tuberculosis
- Urinary tract infections
- Gonorrhoea and Syphilis
- HIV and Opportunistic infections
- Pneumonia
- Hepatitis
- Malaria
- Viral Infections (SARS, CoV2)
Chapter 2: (H) Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chapter 2: (I) Dermatology
- Psoriasis
- Eczema
- Scabies
Chapter 2: (J) Psychiatric Disorders
- Depression
- Psychosis
- Anxiety
Chapter 2: (K) Ophthalmology
- Glaucoma
- Conjunctivitis (bacterial and viral)
Chapter 2: (L) Anti-microbial Resistance
Chapter 2: (M) Women’s Health
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- Dysmenorrhea
- Premenstrual Syndrome
Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy D.Pharm 2nd Year Syllabus
Chapter 1: Hospital Pharmacy
- Definition, scope, national and international scenario
- Organisational structure
- Professional responsibilities, Qualifications and experience requirements, job specifications, workload requirements and interprofessional relationships
- Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP) in hospital
- Hospital Pharmacy Standards (FIP Basel Statements, AHSP)
- Introduction to NAQS guidelines and NABH Accreditation and Role of Pharmacists
Chapter 2: Different Committees in the Hospital
- Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee – Objectives, Composition, and functions
- Hospital Formulary – Definition, the procedure for development and use of hospital formulary
- Infection Control Committee – Role of Pharmacist in preventing Antimicrobial Resistance
Chapter 3: Supply Chain and Inventory Control
- Preparation of Drug lists – High-Risk drugs, Emergency drugs, Schedule H1 drugs, NDPS drugs, reserved antibiotics
- Procedures of Drug Purchases – Drug selection, short the term, long term, and tender/e-tender process, quotations, etc
- Inventory control techniques: Economic Order Quantity, Reorder Quantity Level, Inventory Turnover etc.
- Inventory Management of Central Drug Store – Storage conditions, Methods of storage, Distribution, Maintaining Cold Chain, Devices used for cold storage (Refrigerator, ILR, Walk-in-Cold rooms)
- FEFO, FIFO methods
- Expiry drug removal and handling, and disposal. Disposal of Narcotics, cytotoxic drugs
- Documentation – purchase and inventory
Chapter 4: Drug Distribution
- Drug distribution (in-patients and out-patients) – Definition, advantages and disadvantages of individual prescription order method, Floor Stock Method, Unit Dose Drug Distribution Method, Drug Basket Method
- Distribution of drugs to ICCU/ICU/NICU/Emergency wards.
- Automated drug dispensing systems and devices
- Distribution of Narcotic and Psychotropic substances and their storage
Chapter 5:
- Compounding in Hospitals. Bulk compounding, IV admixture services and incompatibilities, Total parenteral nutrition
Chapter 6: Radio Pharmaceuticals
- Storage, dispensing and disposal of radiopharmaceuticals
Chapter 7:
- Application of computers in Hospital Pharmacy Practice, Electronic health records, Software used in hospital pharmacy
Chapter 8: Clinical Pharmacy
- Definition, scope, and development – in India and other countries
- Technical definitions, common terminologies used in clinical settings and their significance such as Paediatrics, Geriatric, Anti-natal Care, Post-natal Care, etc.
Chapter 9: Daily activities of clinical pharmacists
- Definition, goal, and procedure of
- Ward round participation
- Adverse drug reaction monitoring
- Medication history
- Interprofessional collaboration
- Treatment Chart Review
- Drug information and poisons information
- Patient counselling
- Pharmaceutical care: Definition, classification of drug-related problems. Principles and procedures to provide pharmaceutical care
Chapter 10: Clinical laboratory tests used in the evaluation of disease states – significance and interpretation of test results
- Haematological, Liver function, Renal function, thyroid function tests
- Fluid and electrolyte balance
- Tests associated with cardiac disorders
- Pulmonary Function Tests
Chapter 11: Poisoning
- Types of poisoning: Clinical manifestations and Antidotes
- Drugs and Poison Information Centre and their services – Definition, Requirements, Information resources with examples, and their advantages and disadvantages
Chapter 12: Pharmacovigilance
- Definition, aim and scope
- Overview of Pharmacovigilance
Chapter 13: Medication errors
- Definition, Types, consequences, and strategies to minimize medication errors, LASA drugs and Tallman lettering as per ISMP
- Drug Interactions: Definition, Types, the clinical significance of drug interactions
Pharmacy Law and Ethics D.Pharm 2nd Year Syllabus
Chapter 1
- General Principles of Law, History and various Acts related to Drugs and the Pharmacy profession
Chapter 2: Pharmacy Act-1948 and Rules
- Objectives, Definitions, Pharmacy Council of India; its constitution and functions, Education Regulations, State and Joint state pharmacy councils, Registration of Pharmacists, Offences and Penalties.
- Pharmacy Practice Regulations 2015
Chapter 3: Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945 and New Amendments
- Objectives, Definitions, Legal definitions of schedules to the Act and Rules Import of drugs – Classes of drugs and cosmetics prohibited from import, Import under license or permit
- Manufacture of drugs – Prohibition of manufacture and sale of certain drugs, Conditions for grant of license and conditions of license for manufacture of drugs, Manufacture of drugs for the test, examination and analysis, manufacture of a new drug, loan license and repacking license.
- Study of schedules C and C1, G, H, H1, K, P, M, N, and X
- Sale of Drugs – Wholesale, Retail sale and Restricted license, Records to be kept in a pharmacy Drugs Prohibited for Manufacture and sale in India
- Administration of the Act and Rules – Drugs Technical Advisory Board, Central Drugs Laboratory, Drugs Consultative Committee, Government analysts, licensing authorities, controlling authorities, Drug Inspectors.
Chapter 4: Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 and Rules
- Objectives, Definitions, Authorities and Officers, Prohibition, Control and Regulation, Offences and Penalties.
Chapter 5: Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954
- Objectives, Definitions, Prohibition of certain advertisements, Classes of Exempted advertisements, Offences and Penalties.
Chapter 6: Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act-1960
- Objectives, Definitions, CPCSEA – brief overview, Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, Breeding and Stocking of Animals, Performance of Experiments, Transfer and Acquisition of animals for the experiment, Records, Power to suspend or revoke registration, Offences and Penalties.
Chapter 7: Poisons Act-1919
- Introduction, objective, definition, possession, possession for sales and sale of any poison, import of poisons
Chapter 8: FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) Act and Rules
- Brief overview and aspects related to manufacturing, storage, sale, and labelling of Food Supplements
Chapter 9: National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority
- Drugs Price Control Order (DPCO) – 2013. Objectives, Definitions, Sale prices of bulk drugs, Retail price of formulations, Retail price and ceiling price of scheduled formulations, Pharmaceutical Policy 2002, National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM)
Chapter 10: Code of Pharmaceutical Ethics
- Definition, ethical principles, ethical problem solving, registration, code of ethics for Pharmacist in relation to his job, trade, the medical profession and his profession, Pharmacist’s oath.
Chapter 11: Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act and Rules
- Basic understanding, salient features, and Amendments
Chapter 12
- Role of all the government pharma regulator bodies – Central Drugs Standards Control Organization (CDSCO), Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC)
Chapter 13
- Good Regulatory practices (documentation, licenses, renewals, e-governance) in Community Pharmacy, Hospital Pharmacy, Pharma Manufacturing, Wholesale business, inspections, import, and export of drugs and medical devices
Chapter 14
- Introduction to BCS system of classification, Basic concepts of Clinical Trials, ANDA, NDA, New Drug development, New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules, 2019. Brand v/s Generic, Trade name concept, Introduction to Patent Law and Intellectual Property Rights, Emergency Use Authorization
Chapter 15
- Blood bank – basic requirements and functions
Chapter 16
- Clinical Establishment Act and Rules – Aspects related to Pharmacy
Chapter 17
Biomedical Waste Management Rules 2016 – Basic aspects, and aspects related to pharma manufacture to disposal of pharma / medical waste at homes, pharmacies,
and hospitals
Chapter 18: Bioethics
- Basic concepts, history and principles. A brief overview of ICMR’s National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research involving human participants
Chapter 19: Introduction to the Consumer Protection Act
Chapter 20: Introduction to the Disaster Management Act
Chapter 21: Medical Devices
- Categorization, basic aspects related to manufacturing and sale
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