Human Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 5

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This Human Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test Contains 250 Questions but every time you will get 20 different Questions to answer

1 / 20

During exercise, a man consumes 1.8 L of oxygen per minute. His arterial O2 content is 190 mL/L, and the O2 content of his mixed venous blood is 134 mL/L. His cardiac output is approximately

54 L/min

16 L/min

32 L/min

3.2 L/min.

2 / 20

Mole for mole, which of the following has the greatest effect on Na+ excretion?

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Progesterone

Aldosterone

Cortisol

3 / 20

Second messengers

mediate the intracellular responses to many different hormones and neurotransmitters

are substances that interact with first messengers outside cells

are hormones secreted by cells in response to stimulation by another hormone

are substances that bind to first messengers in the cell membrane

4 / 20

Nitric oxide synthase contributes to erection by:

activating soluble guanylyl cyclases to increase cGMP levels that relax smooth muscle and increase blood flow

raising cAMP levels that relax smooth muscles and increase blood flow.

blocking phosphodiesterases to increase cGMP levels that release smooth muscle and increase blood flow.

raising intracellular Ca2+ concentrations that relax smooth muscles and increase blood flow

5 / 20

A 55-year-old woman had been receiving long-term treatment with phenelzine for her depression. After she consumed Chianti wine, aged cheddar cheese, processed meats, and dried fruits one night at a party, the following symptoms developed: a severe headache, chest pain, rapid heartbeat, enlarged pupils, increased sensitivity to light, and nausea. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

She experienced a migraine headache.

She had an adverse reaction to the mixture of alcohol with her antidepressant.

She had a hypertensive crisis from eating foods high in tyramine while taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor for her depression.

She had a myocardial infarction.

6 / 20

A 60-year-old man with Parkinson disease, which was diagnosed 15 years ago, has been taking carbidopa and levodopa (Sinemet); until recently, he has been able to continue to work and help with routine jobs around the house. Now his tremor and rigidity interfere with these activities. His clinician has suggested that he undergo deep brain stimulation therapy. The therapeutic effect of L-dopa in patients with Parkinson disease eventually wears off because

there is an increase in circulating ?-synuclein

antibodies to dopamine receptors develop.

the normal action of nerve growth factor (NGF) is disrupted.

the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra continue to degenerate

7 / 20

Water is absorbed in the jejunum, ileum, and colon and excreted in the feces. Arrange these in order of the amount of water absorbed or excreted from greatest to smallest

Feces, jejunum, ileum, colon

Feces, colon, ileum, jejunum

Jejunum, ileum, colon, feces

Colon, jejunum, ileum, feces

8 / 20

A 62-year-old white woman experienced a rapid onset of blurry vision along with loss of central vision. A comprehensive eye exam showed that she had wet age-related macular degeneration. The fovea of the eye

is the region of highest visual acuity.

has the lowest light threshold.

contains only rods

contains only red and green cones.

9 / 20

Which of the following is most likely involved in production of LTP?

Increased Ca2+ in presynaptic or postsynaptic neurons, activation of NMDA receptors, and membrane depolarization

Decreased Ca2+ in presynaptic or postsynaptic neurons, activation of NMDA receptors, and membrane depolarization

NO release, activation of NMDA receptors, and membrane hyperpolarization

Activation of NMDA receptors, NO-induced reduction in glutamate release in a presynaptic neuron, and membrane depolarization

10 / 20

A 55-year-old woman had an autonomic neuropathy that disrupted the sympathetic nerve supply to the pupillary dilator muscle of her right eye. While having her eyes examined, the ophthalmologist placed phenylephrine in her eyes. The right eye became much more dilated than the left eye. This suggests that

phenylephrine blocked the pupillary constrictor muscle of the right eye.

the parasympathetic nerve supply to the right eye remained intact and compensated for the loss of the sympathetic nerve

the left eye also had nerve damage and so was not responding as expected.

denervation supersensitivity had developed.

11 / 20

A neuroscientist is studying communication between the hypothalamus and pituitary in a rat model. She interrupts blood flow through the median eminence and then measures circulating levels of pituitary hormones following appropriate physiologic stimulation. Secretion of which of the following hormones will be unaffected by the experimental manipulation?

Vasopressin

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Prolactin

12 / 20

A 20-year-old college student comes to the student health center in April complaining of runny nose and congestion, itchy eyes, and wheezing. She reports that similar symptoms have occurred at the same time each year, and that she obtains some relief from over-the-counter antihistamine drugs, although they make her too drowsy to study. Her symptoms can most likely be attributed to inappropriate synthesis of which of the following antibodies specific for tree pollen?

IgD

IgE

IgG

IgA

13 / 20

A 35-year-old man spent the evening in a sleep clinic to determine whether he had obstructive sleep apnea. The tests showed that NREM sleep accounted for over 30% of his total sleep time. Which of the following pattern of changes in central neurotransmitters or neuromodulators are associated with the transition from NREM to wakefulness?

Decrease in norepinephrine, decrease in serotonin, increase in acetylcholine, increase in histamine, and increase in GABA

Increase in norepinephrine, decrease in serotonin, decrease in acetylcholine, increase in histamine, and decrease in GABA.

Decrease in norepinephrine, increase in serotonin, increase in acetylcholine, decrease in histamine, and decrease in GABA

Decrease in norepinephrine, increase in serotonin, increase in acetylcholine, decrease in histamine, and increase in GABA.

14 / 20

Which of the following electrophysiologic events is correctly paired with the change in ionic currents causing the event?

Endplate potential and an increase in Na+ conductance

Presynaptic inhibition and closure of voltage-gated K+ channels

Fast inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and closing of Cl- channels

Fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and an increase in Ca2+ conductance

15 / 20

Starling's law of the heart

explains the increase in cardiac output when the sympathetic nerves supplying the heart are stimulated.

explains the increase in cardiac output that occurs when venous return is increased.

does not operate in the failing heart

does not operate during exercise.

16 / 20

Which of the following is not a steroid?

Relaxin

Pregnenolone

17?-hydroxyprogesterone

Etiocholanolone

17 / 20

A biotechnology company is working to design a new therapeutic strategy for cancer that involves triggering an enhanced immune response to cellular proteins that are mutated in the disease. Which of the following immune cells or processes will most likely not be required for a successful therapy?

Proteosomal degradation

Gene rearrangements producing T cell receptors

Antigen presentation in the context of MHC-II

Cytotoxic T cells

18 / 20

A scientist finds that infusion of growth hormone into the median eminence of the hypothalamus in experimental animals inhibits the secretion of growth hormone and concludes that this proves that growth hormone feeds back to inhibit GHRH secretion. Do you accept this conclusion?

Yes, because systemically administered growth hormone inhibits growth hormone secretion

No, because growth hormone does not cross the blood-brain barrier

No, because the infused growth hormone could be stimulating dopamine secretion

No, because substances placed in the median eminence could be transported to the anterior pituitary

19 / 20

Thyroid hormone receptors bind to DNA in which of the following forms?

A heterodimer with the insulin receptor

A heterodimer with the progesterone receptor

A heterodimer with the prolactin receptor

A heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor

20 / 20

Which of the following would you expect to find in a patient whose diet has been low in calcium for 2 mo?

Increased plasma phosphate

Increased parathyroid hormone secretion

Increased formation of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

A high plasma calcitonin concentration

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