Human Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 5

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This Human Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test Contains 250 Questions but every time you will get 20 different Questions to answer

1 / 20

A 60-year-old man with Parkinson disease, which was diagnosed 15 years ago, has been taking carbidopa and levodopa (Sinemet); until recently, he has been able to continue to work and help with routine jobs around the house. Now his tremor and rigidity interfere with these activities. His clinician has suggested that he undergo deep brain stimulation therapy. The therapeutic effect of L-dopa in patients with Parkinson disease eventually wears off because

antibodies to dopamine receptors develop.

the normal action of nerve growth factor (NGF) is disrupted.

the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra continue to degenerate

there is an increase in circulating ?-synuclein

2 / 20

A generator potential

is an all-or-none phenomenon

increases in amplitude as a more intense stimulus is applied.

is unchanged when a given stimulus is applied repeatedly over time

always leads to an action potential

3 / 20

A 40-year-old man loses his right hand in a farm accident. Four years later, he has episodes of severe pain in the missing hand (phantom limb pain). A detailed PET scan study of his cerebral cortex might be expected to show

a metabolically inactive spot where his hand area in his left primary somatosensory cortex would normally be

projection of fibers from neighboring sensory areas into the right hand area of his right primary somatosensory cortex

expansion of the right hand area in his right primary somatosensory cortex.

projection of fibers from neighboring sensory areas into the right hand area of his left primary somatosensory cortex.

4 / 20

The symptoms of the dumping syndrome (discomfort after meals in patients with intestinal short circuits such as anastomosis of the jejunum to the stomach) are caused in part by

increased blood pressure

increased secretion of glucagon.

increased secretion of CCK.

hypoglycemia

5 / 20

A 57-year-old man had severe hypertension that was found to result from a tumor compressing on the surface of the medulla.Which one of the following statements about pathways involved in the control of sympathetic nerve activity is correct?

Unlike the activity in ?-motor neurons, sympathetic preganglionic neurons are not under any significant reflex control.

The major source of excitatory input to preganglionic sympathetic nerves is the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.

The activity of sympathetic preganglionic neurons can be affected by the activity of neurons in the amygdala.

Preganglionic sympathetic nerves receive inhibitory input from the rostral ventrolateral medulla.

6 / 20

Which of the following CNS regions is not correctly paired with a neurotransmitter or a chemical involved in pain modulation?

Spinal dorsal horn and enkephalin

Nucleus raphe magnus and norepinephrine

Spinal dorsal horn and serotonin

Dorsal root ganglion and opioids

7 / 20

A 45-year-old woman who works in an office had been experiencing tingling in her index and middle fingers and thumb of her right hand. Recently, her wrist and hand had become weak. Her physician ordered a nerve conduction test to evaluate her for carpal tunnel syndrome. Which one of the following nerves has the slowest conduction velocity?

A? fibers

C fibers

A? fibers

B fibers

8 / 20

Which of the following pituitary hormones is an opioid peptide?

?-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (?-MSH)

ACTH

?-Endorphin

Growth hormone

9 / 20

During exercise, a man consumes 1.8 L of oxygen per minute. His arterial O2 content is 190 mL/L, and the O2 content of his mixed venous blood is 134 mL/L. His cardiac output is approximately

16 L/min

32 L/min

3.2 L/min.

54 L/min

10 / 20

Second messengers

mediate the intracellular responses to many different hormones and neurotransmitters

are substances that interact with first messengers outside cells

are substances that bind to first messengers in the cell membrane

are hormones secreted by cells in response to stimulation by another hormone

11 / 20

Glucagon increases glycogenolysis in liver cells but ACTH does not because

cortisol increases the plasma glucose level

liver cells have an adenylyl cyclase different from that in adrenocortical cells.

the membranes of liver cells contain receptors different from those in adrenocortical cells

liver cells contain a protein that inhibits the action of ACTH

12 / 20

Which of the following is most likely involved in production of LTP?

Increased Ca2+ in presynaptic or postsynaptic neurons, activation of NMDA receptors, and membrane depolarization

NO release, activation of NMDA receptors, and membrane hyperpolarization

Decreased Ca2+ in presynaptic or postsynaptic neurons, activation of NMDA receptors, and membrane depolarization

Activation of NMDA receptors, NO-induced reduction in glutamate release in a presynaptic neuron, and membrane depolarization

13 / 20

Cells responsible for innate immunity are activated most commonly by

glucocorticoids

carbohydrate sequences in bacterial cell walls

eosinophils

pollen

14 / 20

Thirst is stimulated by

a decrease in plasma osmolality and an increase in plasma volume

decreases in plasma osmolality and volume

an increase in plasma osmolality and a decrease in plasma volume

increases in plasma osmolality and volume.

15 / 20

In the utricle, tip links in hair cells are involved in

formation of perilymph.

movements of the basement membrane

perception of sound

regulation of distortion-activated ion channels.

16 / 20

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

B cells: insulin

D cells: somatostatin

A cells: glucagons

F cells: gastrin

17 / 20

Nociceptors

are absent in visceral organs.

are specialized structures located in the skin and joints

are innervated by group II afferents

are activated by strong pressure, severe cold, severe heat, and chemicals.

18 / 20

Which of the following is not correctly paired?

Astigmatism: nonuniform curvature of the cornea

Obstruction of the canal of Schlemm: elevated intraocular pressure

Rhodopsin: retinal and opsin

Myopia: convex lenses

19 / 20

Which of the following is not involved in regulating plasma Ca2+ levels?

Kidneys

Lungs

Liver

Skin

20 / 20

When LDL enters cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, which of the following does not occur?

Decrease in the cholesterol in endosomes

Increase in the transfer of cholesterol from the cell to HDL

Decrease in the formation of cholesterol from mevalonic acid

Increase in the intracellular concentration of cholesteryl esters

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